Saadia · Devarim 20
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- Devarim 20:1
כִּי-תֵצֵא לַמִּלְחָמָה עַל-אֹיְבֶךָ וְרָאִיתָ סוּס וָרֶכֶב עַם רַב מִמְּךָ--לֹא תִירָא מֵהֶם כִּי-יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ עִמָּךְ הַמַּעַלְךָ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם
. . . .
And when you go out to war against your enemies, and you see horses and chariots — a people more numerous than you — do not fear them; for God your Lord is with you, who brought you up from the land of Egypt.
- Devarim 20:2
וְהָיָה כְּקָרָבְכֶם אֶל-הַמִּלְחָמָה וְנִגַּשׁ הַכֹּהֵן וְדִבֶּר אֶל-הָעָם
.
And at your advance to battle, the imām shall come forward and address the people.
- Devarim 20:3
וְאָמַר אֲלֵהֶם שְׁמַע יִשְׂרָאֵל אַתֶּם קְרֵבִים הַיּוֹם לַמִּלְחָמָה עַל-אֹיְבֵיכֶם אַל-יֵרַךְ לְבַבְכֶם אַל-תִּירְאוּ וְאַל-תַּחְפְּזוּ וְאַל-תַּעַרְצוּ--מִפְּנֵיהֶם
. . . .
And he shall say to them: 'Hear, O Israel — you are advancing today to battle against your enemies. Let not your hearts grow faint; do not fear, and do not be driven back, and do not be overawed by them.
- Devarim 20:4
כִּי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם הַהֹלֵךְ עִמָּכֶם--לְהִלָּחֵם לָכֶם עִם-אֹיְבֵיכֶם לְהוֹשִׁיעַ אֶתְכֶם
. .
For God your Lord — whose light goes with you — shall fight your enemies on your behalf and deliver you.'
- Devarim 20:5
וְדִבְּרוּ הַשֹּׁטְרִים אֶל-הָעָם לֵאמֹר מִי-הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר בָּנָה בַיִת-חָדָשׁ וְלֹא חֲנָכוֹ יֵלֵךְ וְיָשֹׁב לְבֵיתוֹ פֶּן-יָמוּת בַּמִּלְחָמָה וְאִישׁ אַחֵר יַחְנְכֶנּוּ
. . . .
Then the overseers shall address the people, saying: 'Which man has built a new house and has not inaugurated it? Let him go and return to his home, lest he be killed in the battle and another man inaugurate it.
- Devarim 20:6
וּמִי-הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר-נָטַע כֶּרֶם וְלֹא חִלְּלוֹ--יֵלֵךְ וְיָשֹׁב לְבֵיתוֹ פֶּן-יָמוּת בַּמִּלְחָמָה וְאִישׁ אַחֵר יְחַלְּלֶנּוּ
. . .
And which man has planted a vineyard and has not yet made it available? Let him go and return to his home, lest he be killed in the battle and another man make it available.
- Devarim 20:7
וּמִי-הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר-אֵרַשׂ אִשָּׁה וְלֹא לְקָחָהּ--יֵלֵךְ וְיָשֹׁב לְבֵיתוֹ פֶּן-יָמוּת בַּמִּלְחָמָה וְאִישׁ אַחֵר יִקָּחֶנָּה
. . .
And which man has betrothed a woman and has not yet escorted her to the bridal chamber? Let him go and return to his home, lest he be killed in the battle and another man escort her.'
- Devarim 20:8
וְיָסְפוּ הַשֹּׁטְרִים לְדַבֵּר אֶל-הָעָם וְאָמְרוּ מִי-הָאִישׁ הַיָּרֵא וְרַךְ הַלֵּבָב יֵלֵךְ וְיָשֹׁב לְבֵיתוֹ וְלֹא יִמַּס אֶת-לְבַב אֶחָיו כִּלְבָבוֹ
. . . .
Then the overseers shall continue to address the people, and say: 'Which man is fearful and faint of heart? Let him go and return to his home, and not cause the hearts of his brothers to grow faint as his own heart.'
- Devarim 20:9
וְהָיָה כְּכַלֹּת הַשֹּׁטְרִים לְדַבֵּר אֶל-הָעָם וּפָקְדוּ שָׂרֵי צְבָאוֹת בְּרֹאשׁ הָעָם
.
And upon their finishing to address the people with this, commanders of the armies shall be appointed over them.
- Devarim 20:10
כִּי-תִקְרַב אֶל-עִיר לְהִלָּחֵם עָלֶיהָ--וְקָרָאתָ אֵלֶיהָ לְשָׁלוֹם
.
And when you advance against a town to make war upon it, you shall first call out to it with an offer of peace.
- Devarim 20:11
וְהָיָה אִם-שָׁלוֹם תַּעַנְךָ וּפָתְחָה לָךְ וְהָיָה כָּל-הָעָם הַנִּמְצָא-בָהּ יִהְיוּ לְךָ לָמַס--וַעֲבָדוּךָ
. . .
And if it answers you with peace and opens to you, then all the people found in it shall be a protected tributary to you and shall serve you.
- Devarim 20:12
וְאִם-לֹא תַשְׁלִים עִמָּךְ וְעָשְׂתָה עִמְּךָ מִלְחָמָה--וְצַרְתָּ עָלֶיהָ
. .
But if it does not make peace with you, and instead makes war against you, then besiege it.
- Devarim 20:13
וּנְתָנָהּ יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּיָדֶךָ וְהִכִּיתָ אֶת-כָּל-זְכוּרָהּ לְפִי-חָרֶב
.
And God your Lord shall deliver it into your hand; and you shall kill its men by the edge of the sword.
- Devarim 20:14
רַק הַנָּשִׁים וְהַטַּף וְהַבְּהֵמָה וְכֹל אֲשֶׁר יִהְיֶה בָעִיר כָּל-שְׁלָלָהּ--תָּבֹז לָךְ וְאָכַלְתָּ אֶת-שְׁלַל אֹיְבֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר נָתַן יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ לָךְ
. . . . .
But as for the women, and the children and the beasts, and the rest of what is in the town — all its spoil — take it for yourself as plunder; and consume all the spoil of your enemies which God your Lord has provided you.
- Devarim 20:15
כֵּן תַּעֲשֶׂה לְכָל-הֶעָרִים הָרְחֹקֹת מִמְּךָ מְאֹד אֲשֶׁר לֹא-מֵעָרֵי הַגּוֹיִם-הָאֵלֶּה הֵנָּה
. .
Thus shall you do to the towns very far from you, which are not among the towns of these nations.
- Devarim 20:16
רַק מֵעָרֵי הָעַמִּים הָאֵלֶּה אֲשֶׁר יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ נֹתֵן לְךָ נַחֲלָה--לֹא תְחַיֶּה כָּל-נְשָׁמָה
. .
But as for the towns of these nations — which God your Lord is giving you as an inheritance — you shall not leave alive in them a single soul.
- Devarim 20:17
כִּי-הַחֲרֵם תַּחֲרִימֵם הַחִתִּי וְהָאֱמֹרִי הַכְּנַעֲנִי וְהַפְּרִזִּי הַחִוִּי וְהַיְבוּסִי--כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוְּךָ יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ
. . .
Rather, destroy them utterly: the Hittites and the Amorites, the Canaanites and the Perizzites, and the Hivites and the Jebusites — as God your Lord has commanded you.
- Devarim 20:18
לְמַעַן אֲשֶׁר לֹא-יְלַמְּדוּ אֶתְכֶם לַעֲשׂוֹת כְּכֹל תּוֹעֲבֹתָם אֲשֶׁר עָשׂוּ לֵאלֹהֵיהֶם וַחֲטָאתֶם לַיהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם
. .
So that they do not teach you to do according to all their abominations which they performed for their idols, and you would thereby sin against God your Lord.
- Devarim 20:19
כִּי-תָצוּר אֶל-עִיר יָמִים רַבִּים לְהִלָּחֵם עָלֶיהָ לְתָפְשָׂהּ לֹא-תַשְׁחִית אֶת-עֵצָהּ לִנְדֹּחַ עָלָיו גַּרְזֶן--כִּי מִמֶּנּוּ תֹאכֵל וְאֹתוֹ לֹא תִכְרֹת כִּי הָאָדָם עֵץ הַשָּׂדֶה לָבֹא מִפָּנֶיךָ בַּמָּצוֹר
. . . ]] .
And when you besiege a town many days, fighting against it to open it, do not destroy its trees by raising an axe against them — for from them you eat; do not cut them down. Do you suppose that the trees of the wilderness are like a man, who has taken cover before you in the siege?
- Devarim 20:20
רַק עֵץ אֲשֶׁר-תֵּדַע כִּי-לֹא-עֵץ מַאֲכָל הוּא--אֹתוֹ תַשְׁחִית וְכָרָתָּ וּבָנִיתָ מָצוֹר עַל-הָעִיר אֲשֶׁר-הִוא עֹשָׂה עִמְּךָ מִלְחָמָה--עַד רִדְתָּהּ
. . . . .
However, any tree that you know is not a food-bearing tree — that you may destroy and cut down; and build the siege-works against whichever town has made war against you, until you bring it down.
English is a working draft — author revising