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← Tafsir · Saadia Gaon

Vayikra 21

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  1. Vayikra 21:1

    וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶל-מֹשֶׁה אֱמֹר אֶל-הַכֹּהֲנִים בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן וְאָמַרְתָּ אֲלֵהֶם לְנֶפֶשׁ לֹא-יִטַּמָּא בְּעַמָּיו

    . .

    Then God said to Moses: 'Command the imāms, the sons of Aaron, and say to them: Let no one among you become impure through a dead person of his people —

  2. Vayikra 21:2

    כִּי אִם-לִשְׁאֵרוֹ הַקָּרֹב אֵלָיו לְאִמּוֹ וּלְאָבִיו וְלִבְנוֹ וּלְבִתּוֹ וּלְאָחִיו

    . . .

    except for his next of kin, who is close to him: his mother and his father, and his son and his daughter and his brother,

  3. Vayikra 21:3

    וְלַאֲחֹתוֹ הַבְּתוּלָה הַקְּרוֹבָה אֵלָיו אֲשֶׁר לֹא-הָיְתָה לְאִישׁ--לָהּ יִטַּמָּא

    . .

    and his virgin sister who is closest to him — she who has not yet become belonging to a man; for her he shall become impure, as is obligatory.

  4. Vayikra 21:4

    לֹא יִטַּמָּא בַּעַל בְּעַמָּיו--לְהֵחַלּוֹ

    .

    But he shall not become impure through a person of consequence from his people, as that would debase him.

  5. Vayikra 21:5

    לֹא-יקרחה (יִקְרְחוּ) קָרְחָה בְּרֹאשָׁם וּפְאַת זְקָנָם לֹא יְגַלֵּחוּ וּבִבְשָׂרָם--לֹא יִשְׂרְטוּ שָׂרָטֶת

    . . .

    They shall not pluck a plucking from the hair of their heads, nor shall they shave the corners of their beards, nor shall they scratch a scratch upon their bodies.

  6. Vayikra 21:6

    קְדֹשִׁים יִהְיוּ לֵאלֹהֵיהֶם וְלֹא יְחַלְּלוּ שֵׁם אֱלֹהֵיהֶם כִּי אֶת-אִשֵּׁי יְהוָה לֶחֶם אֱלֹהֵיהֶם הֵם מַקְרִיבִם--וְהָיוּ קֹדֶשׁ

    . .

    And they shall be consecrated to their Lord, and shall not debase the name of their Lord — for, inasmuch as they are those who offer the offerings of God their Lord continually, they shall be consecrated.

  7. Vayikra 21:7

    אִשָּׁה זֹנָה וַחֲלָלָה לֹא יִקָּחוּ וְאִשָּׁה גְּרוּשָׁה מֵאִישָׁהּ לֹא יִקָּחוּ כִּי-קָדֹשׁ הוּא לֵאלֹהָיו

    . .

    With a wanton and debased woman they shall not marry, and with a woman divorced from her husband they shall not marry — for every one of them is consecrated to his Lord.

  8. Vayikra 21:8

    וְקִדַּשְׁתּוֹ--כִּי-אֶת-לֶחֶם אֱלֹהֶיךָ הוּא מַקְרִיב קָדֹשׁ יִהְיֶה-לָּךְ--כִּי קָדוֹשׁ אֲנִי יְהוָה מְקַדִּשְׁכֶם

    . . .

    And you shall consecrate him, as is obligatory — for he offers the offering of your Lord the Eternal; he shall therefore be consecrated to you, even as I, God, consecrate you.

  9. Vayikra 21:9

    וּבַת אִישׁ כֹּהֵן כִּי תֵחֵל לִזְנוֹת--אֶת-אָבִיהָ הִיא מְחַלֶּלֶת בָּאֵשׁ תִּשָּׂרֵף

    . . .

    And whichever daughter of a man who is an imām has debased herself and acted wantonly — she has brought public disgrace upon her father; she shall be burned with fire.

  10. Vayikra 21:10

    וְהַכֹּהֵן הַגָּדוֹל מֵאֶחָיו אֲשֶׁר-יוּצַק עַל-רֹאשׁוֹ שֶׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה וּמִלֵּא אֶת-יָדוֹ לִלְבֹּשׁ אֶת-הַבְּגָדִים--אֶת-רֹאשׁוֹ לֹא יִפְרָע וּבְגָדָיו לֹא יִפְרֹם

    . . .

    And the great imām among his brothers, upon whose head the anointing oil is poured and whose obligation is fulfilled by the wearing of the vestments — he shall not dishevel his head, nor shall he tear his garments.

  11. Vayikra 21:11

    וְעַל כָּל-נַפְשֹׁת מֵת לֹא יָבֹא לְאָבִיו וּלְאִמּוֹ לֹא יִטַּמָּא

    .

    Over any dead person he shall not enter; even for his father and his mother he shall not become impure.

  12. Vayikra 21:12

    וּמִן-הַמִּקְדָּשׁ לֹא יֵצֵא וְלֹא יְחַלֵּל אֵת מִקְדַּשׁ אֱלֹהָיו כִּי נֵזֶר שֶׁמֶן מִשְׁחַת אֱלֹהָיו עָלָיו--אֲנִי יְהוָה

    . . .

    And from the sanctuary he shall not go out after them, nor shall he debase the consecration of his Lord — for, inasmuch as the crown of his Lord's anointing oil is upon him, I, God, have honored him.

  13. Vayikra 21:13

    וְהוּא אִשָּׁה בִבְתוּלֶיהָ יִקָּח

    And he — he shall marry none but a virgin woman.

  14. Vayikra 21:14

    אַלְמָנָה וּגְרוּשָׁה וַחֲלָלָה זֹנָה אֶת-אֵלֶּה לֹא יִקָּח כִּי אִם-בְּתוּלָה מֵעַמָּיו יִקַּח אִשָּׁה

    . .

    As for a widow, or a divorced woman, or a debased woman, or a wanton woman — he shall not marry any of these; only a virgin woman from his people shall he marry.

  15. Vayikra 21:15

    וְלֹא-יְחַלֵּל זַרְעוֹ בְּעַמָּיו כִּי אֲנִי יְהוָה מְקַדְּשׁוֹ

    And he shall not debase his offspring through any other than her from his people — for I, God, consecrate him.'

  16. Vayikra 21:16

    וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל-מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹר

    Then God spoke to Moses in speech.

  17. Vayikra 21:17

    דַּבֵּר אֶל-אַהֲרֹן לֵאמֹר אִישׁ מִזַּרְעֲךָ לְדֹרֹתָם אֲשֶׁר יִהְיֶה בוֹ מוּם--לֹא יִקְרַב לְהַקְרִיב לֶחֶם אֱלֹהָיו

    . . . .

    'Command Aaron and say to him: Any man from your offspring, throughout their generations, in whom there is a blemish — he shall not come forward to offer the offering of his Lord.

  18. Vayikra 21:18

    כִּי כָל-אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר-בּוֹ מוּם לֹא יִקְרָב אִישׁ עִוֵּר אוֹ פִסֵּחַ אוֹ חָרֻם אוֹ שָׂרוּעַ

    . .

    For every man in whom there is a blemish shall not come forward. Among such: the blind and the lame, and one with a cleft nose and one who limps,

  19. Vayikra 21:19

    אוֹ אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר-יִהְיֶה בוֹ שֶׁבֶר רָגֶל אוֹ שֶׁבֶר יָד

    .

    or a man in whom there is a broken leg or a broken arm,

  20. Vayikra 21:20

    אוֹ-גִבֵּן אוֹ-דַק אוֹ תְּבַלֻּל בְּעֵינוֹ אוֹ גָרָב אוֹ יַלֶּפֶת אוֹ מְרוֹחַ אָשֶׁךְ

    . . .

    or a hunchback, or one of dim sight, or one with a cataract in his eye, or in whom there is mange or thick scaling of the head, or one with a crushed testicle —

  21. Vayikra 21:21

    כָּל-אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר-בּוֹ מוּם מִזֶּרַע אַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֵן--לֹא יִגַּשׁ לְהַקְרִיב אֶת-אִשֵּׁי יְהוָה מוּם בּוֹ--אֵת לֶחֶם אֱלֹהָיו לֹא יִגַּשׁ לְהַקְרִיב

    . . . . .

    so too every man in whom there is a blemish, from the offspring of Aaron the imām: he shall not come forward to offer the offering of God; and whatever that blemish be in him, the offering of his Lord he shall not come forward to offer.

  22. Vayikra 21:22

    לֶחֶם אֱלֹהָיו מִקָּדְשֵׁי הַקֳּדָשִׁים וּמִן-הַקֳּדָשִׁים יֹאכֵל

    . .

    However, the provision of his Lord — from the choicest of the holy things and from the general portions thereof — he may eat.

  23. Vayikra 21:23

    אַךְ אֶל-הַפָּרֹכֶת לֹא יָבֹא וְאֶל-הַמִּזְבֵּחַ לֹא יִגַּשׁ--כִּי-מוּם בּוֹ וְלֹא יְחַלֵּל אֶת-מִקְדָּשַׁי כִּי אֲנִי יְהוָה מְקַדְּשָׁם

    . . . .

    But into the curtain he shall not enter, and to the altar he shall not come forward, since there is a blemish in him; and he shall not debase My sacred things — for I, God, consecrate them.'

  24. Vayikra 21:24

    וַיְדַבֵּר מֹשֶׁה אֶל-אַהֲרֹן וְאֶל-בָּנָיו וְאֶל-כָּל-בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל

    .

    And Moses commanded thereby Aaron and his sons, and the rest of the sons of Israel.