Stage 3 · Yaʿqūb al-Qirqisānī (10th c.)

Kitāb al-Anwār wa'l-Marāqib: Discourse V · Ch. 19: The intention of the verse (jeremiah 17:22) “your houses:” does this verse refer to the totality of homes or merely each house separately

Discourse V: The Torah's Legal Commandments

Kitāb al-Anwār wa'l-Marāqib in the original Judeo-Arabic, with a working English translation by Eliyahu Freedman (working draft). Hover a phrase to see its English light up; tap any word for a gloss.

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… A person is forbidden from removing anything from the house he is residing in into another home that another lives in. And they support this from the verse (Jeremiah 17:22) “your houses” as if this verse obligates every person not to remove anything from their home. Say to them regarding this, “does not a person’s residence, that he resides in, refer to the totality of his home?” And from their agreement on this, say “and similarly if the residence includes several homes, they together comprise his residence” [… and there is no difference.]

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And if His verse (Jeremiah 17:22) “your houses” was according to their view, it would not be required to forbid the removal from one room in the home into another room, or from a room to the courtyard, and similarly it is not forbidden to remove from one home to another home since the entire area is within the “designated Sabbath area.” And the meaning of the verse (Jeremiah 17:22) “your houses” intends in this from all our rooms together to outside of them where we are not the owner and not in our domain and outside the “designated Sabbath area” with us. And similarly, the entry from such a place into any of our rooms designated for the Sabbath. Our view on this is proved from the verse (Jeremiah 17:21) “ thus saith the LORD: Take heed for the sake of your souls, and bear no burden on the sabbath day, nor bring it in by the gates of Jerusalem,” since the entire town of Jerusalem is the “designated Sabbath area,” and thus it is forbidden to bring anything from the outside inside the town and thus desecrate it. For if it was prohibited within the town to move objects from one room to another room, since it is a designated Sabbath area, it would not be necessary to prevent the entry into the entire city something that is external since this is unnecessary and not needed. And from this prohibition, it is proven that carrying within the city from one home to another home is permitted, as it is permitted to carry within a home from room to room on the Sabbath.

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And if someone says “is it not forbidden to exit the town or city gate?” we say “indeed.” And if he says “if exiting is prohibited, why is it mentioned the prohibition of entering, while exiting is greater and more strict?” We say “the intention of this is to prohibit us from allowing anyone from bringing in or removing anything, and it is obligatory for us to prevent one who desires to do this through gentiles, for if we allow this and do not prevent it, we are the ones bringing in or removing. And this is the meaning of the verse (Nehemia 13:19) “And it came to pass that, when the gates of Jerusalem began to be dark before the sabbath, I commanded that the doors should be shut, and commanded that they should not be opened till after the sabbath; and some of my servants set I over the gates, that there should no burden be brought in on the sabbath day” and additionally the verse” and additionally the verse (Nehemia 13:21) “Then I forewarned them, and said unto them: 'Why lodge ye about the wall? if ye do so again, I will lay hands on you.' From that time forth came they no more on the sabbath.” And it is established that (Jeremiah 17:22) “your houses” intends the collective of homes in the “designated Sabbath area” and thus that is permitted within the Sabbath area.

English is a working draft — alignment is sentence-by-sentence.