Stage 3 · Yaʿqūb al-Qirqisānī (10th c.)

Kitāb al-Anwār wa'l-Marāqib: Discourse V · Ch. 33: The thirty-third chapter regarding drinking medicine on the sabbath day

Discourse V: The Torah's Legal Commandments

Kitāb al-Anwār wa'l-Marāqib in the original Judeo-Arabic, with a working English translation by Eliyahu Freedman (working draft). Hover a phrase to see its English light up; tap any word for a gloss.

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And we say that the purpose of drinking medicine is either just to remove sickness or pain or preventing their occurence, and like this specific reason we have in food. And since eating food on the Sabbath for these two purposes is permitted, it is also permitted with medicine. Even moreso, the case of food is more severe since food can be used for more than these two purposes but some of it is used for pleasure and amusement, which are not for the sake of removing pain or suffering or preventing something. And this is like eating sweets and meat and fruit whose purpose is merely pleasure or amusement without removing suffering and pain, and drinking juice and wine whose manner is also above the manner of sweets, since some or most of it has no pleasure in it, and it is not intended for quench one’s thirst but rather is merely to please the soul. And since the amusement and pleasure with sweets and fruit, and drinking juice and wine is permitted on the Sabbath, drinking medicine to remove pain and suffering and illness, which is parallel to eating bones and drinking water to remove the suffering of hunger and thirst which is even more appropriate to be permitted. And one of them argues that drinking medicine is forbidden on the Sabbath because it stimulates the secretion of natural impurities and causes impurity on the Sabbath, and rather one must be holy and pure on it. And he is obligated in the same way with food and he must obligate himself to abstain from foods which cause the same thing even more.

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Still, say to him also “not every medicine ‘releases’ but rather some medicines are used to block the secretion of natural impurities. Thus permit drinking medicine that has this nature! Even moreso, obligate yourself to drinking such drinks since they prevent impurity on the Sabbath!” And the majority of those who prohibit drinking medicine on the Sabbath allow drinking sekanjabin and jallab to reduce gall or fever, and similarly they use jullanjabin and what is similar to this. And when you challenge with this, they resort to arrogance and say “this is similar to food, and its manner is like a pomegranate that is used and eaten on the spit to remove with it fever, like we eat bread and drink water to remove hunger and remove gall and fever, and this itself ruins their argument prohibiting drinking medicine and demonstrates their contradiction.

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And despite our argument and permission to drink medicine on the Sabbath, we do not permit drinking every medicine nor using them in a way other than drinking. We permit from this just two things, one of which is what removes suffering on the Sabbath like eating on the Sabbath that removes the suffering of hunger on the Sabbath. And the other is a sickness that one fears he may die from it if he does not use this medicine on the Sabbath. As for what is similar to a medicine that people drink during an epidemic to shake their body, we do not permit this according to our view, on the Sabbath, since there is no reason requiring this.

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English is a working draft — alignment is sentence-by-sentence.