Stage 3 · Yaʿqūb al-Qirqisānī (10th c.)

Kitāb al-Anwār wa'l-Marāqib: Discourse V · Ch. 4: The timing of circumcising adults, converts, and purchased slaves

Discourse V: The Torah's Legal Commandments

Kitāb al-Anwār wa'l-Marāqib in the original Judeo-Arabic, with a working English translation by Eliyahu Freedman (working draft). Hover a phrase to see its English light up; tap any word for a gloss.

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Regarding Anan, he obligated that these individuals be circumcised on the eleventh day of the month and proved this with the story of the children of Israel and their entry to the land, and they crossed the Jordan river on the tenth day of Nisan according to (Joshua 4:19) “And the people came up out of the Jordan on the tenth day of the first month, and encamped in Gilgal, on the east border of Jericho” and then it says (Joshua 5:2) “At that time the LORD said unto Joshua: 'Make thee knives of flint, and circumcise again the children of Israel the second time'” and he took the tools on the same day and circumcised them the next day the eleventh and they remained in pain three days as it says (Genesis. 34:25) “And it came to pass on the third day, when they were in pain, that two of the sons of Jacob, Simeon and Levi, Dinah's brethren, took each man his sword, and came upon the city unawares, and slew all the males” and regarding them (Joshua 5:8) “And it came to pass, when all the nation were circumcised, every one of them, that they abode in their places in the camp, till they were whole” and they healed and recovered on the fourteenth day at the end of which they offered the Passover offering.

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And this is not proof that they circumcised then because it was obligatory to be held on that day and not another day, but rather it occurred on that day in the same way it occurred in that month and not another month. If they challenge you regarding the month, say to them “behold if circumcising adults and converts is permitted only on the eleventh of the month since the children of Israel did thusly, say circumcision is only permitted in Nisan since such is what the children of Israel did!” And they say in response that circumcision is obligatory on a specific day and not obligatory in a specific month, and we say to them that circumcision is obligatory on the eighth day of something, which is after the birth and not the eighth day of the month or the eleventh. For them, according to what they argue that circumcision is obligatory on the eleventh day of a month, if that is obligatory according to tradition the month is also obligatory according to tradition!

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What is required according to us is that an adult circumcise himself at the first available opportunity he is self-aware and understands the commandment and the opportunity is in his control. And our proof for this is the same as their argument used as a proof for them, which is that God, blessed and exalted, obligated the children of Israel in circumcision and commanded the prophet to perform it at the first available time and opportunity and did not delay it at all. And similarly one who enters the religion this is obligatory at the time of his entry and the time it is available for him. Regarding a slave however, it is obligatory upon the purchaser to circumcise him on the eighth day after the purchase and the proof for this is the verse (Gen. 17:13) “He that is born in thy house, and he that is bought with thy money, must needs be circumcised; and My covenant shall be in your flesh for an everlasting covenant” for birth is compared to purchase and like circumcision is obligated on the eighth day after birth, so too after his purchase circumcision is obligated on the eighth day. And if someone asks regarding Israel’s lack of circumcision in the desert, we will discuss this subsequently.

English is a working draft — alignment is sentence-by-sentence.