Stage 3 · Yaʿqūb al-Qirqisānī (10th c.)

Kitāb al-Anwār wa'l-Marāqib: Discourse V · Ch. 40: [the 39 categories of work] that the rabbanites argue are the sources of [forbidden works]

Discourse V: The Torah's Legal Commandments

Kitāb al-Anwār wa'l-Marāqib in the original Judeo-Arabic, with a working English translation by Eliyahu Freedman (working draft). Hover a phrase to see its English light up; tap any word for a gloss.

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Page40

Aligned sentence by sentence

( :) .

They argued that the sources of the [forbidden works] on the Sabbath are thirty nine sources or actions, and they are “plowing,” “sowing,” “harvesting,” and these are clear, and “gathering,” which is binding sheaves of produce, “threshing” which is the thresher who steps on the harvest , “winnowing,” “sorting,” “grinding,” “sifting,” “kneading,” “baking” and these eleven deal with food specifically. “Shearing,” “bleaching,” “combing,” “dyeing,” “spinning,” “warping,” “making two loops” but if he made one that is permitted, “weaving two strings” but if he weaves one string that is permitted, and this is what we discussed about them at the beginning of the book. “Tying and untying,” “separating two threads” but one is permitted, “sewing two stitches” but one is permitted, “tearing for the purpose of stitching two threads,” but tearing the amount of one string is permitted, and these thirteen deal with clothing. “Trapping deer,” and “slaughtering” and “flaying” and “salting” and “tanning,” and “smoothing,” and “cutting” and these seven [deal with] animals that are eaten. And “writing two letters” but one is permitted, and this too we already cited in their name. And “erasing in order to write two letters,” for example if the letter het ח was written it is permitted for him to erase it completely, but if he erased [the top of the letter] such that what remains is similar to two letters “waw waw” “ ו ו “ that is forbidden. And “building” and “destroying” and “extinguishing and burning” and “hitting with a hammer” and “[transfering between domains] and completing a work” and this is the final source that completes work, and contradicts what they say in (Shabbat 1:1) “The acts of carrying out from a public domain into a private domain or vice versa, which are prohibited on Shabbat, are primarily two basic actions that comprise four cases from the perspective of a person inside a private domain, and two basic actions that comprise four cases from the perspective of a person outside, in a public domain” and we discussed this in the third chapter of the first discourse, and discussed some of this additionally in the seventeenth chapter of this discourse.

English is a working draft — alignment is sentence-by-sentence.