Saadia's Tafsir on Devarim 22 (Parashat Ki Teitzei)

Devarim 22:1

לֹא-תִרְאֶה אֶת-שׁוֹר אָחִיךָ אוֹ אֶת-שֵׂיוֹ נִדָּחִים וְהִתְעַלַּמְתָּ מֵהֶם הָשֵׁב תְּשִׁיבֵם לְאָחִיךָ

. . .

And you shall not see your brother's ox or his sheep going astray, and ignore them; rather, return them to him with a returning.

Devarim 22:2

וְאִם-לֹא קָרוֹב אָחִיךָ אֵלֶיךָ וְלֹא יְדַעְתּוֹ--וַאֲסַפְתּוֹ אֶל-תּוֹךְ בֵּיתֶךָ וְהָיָה עִמְּךָ עַד דְּרֹשׁ אָחִיךָ אֹתוֹ וַהֲשֵׁבֹתוֹ לוֹ

. . . .

And if your brother is not near to you and you do not know him, then gather it into your dwelling; it shall be with you until your brother seeks it, and then you shall return it to him.

Devarim 22:3

וְכֵן תַּעֲשֶׂה לַחֲמֹרוֹ וְכֵן תַּעֲשֶׂה לְשִׂמְלָתוֹ וְכֵן תַּעֲשֶׂה לְכָל-אֲבֵדַת אָחִיךָ אֲשֶׁר-תֹּאבַד מִמֶּנּוּ וּמְצָאתָהּ לֹא תוּכַל לְהִתְעַלֵּם

. . .

And so shall you do with his donkey and with his garment, and with the rest of the lost things of your brother that are lost from him and you find — it is not permitted for you to ignore them.

Devarim 22:4

לֹא-תִרְאֶה אֶת-חֲמוֹר אָחִיךָ אוֹ שׁוֹרוֹ נֹפְלִים בַּדֶּרֶךְ וְהִתְעַלַּמְתָּ מֵהֶם הָקֵם תָּקִים עִמּוֹ

. . .

And you shall not see your brother's donkey or his ox fallen on the road, and ignore them; rather, raise them up with him with a raising.

Devarim 22:5

לֹא-יִהְיֶה כְלִי-גֶבֶר עַל-אִשָּׁה וְלֹא-יִלְבַּשׁ גֶּבֶר שִׂמְלַת אִשָּׁה כִּי תוֹעֲבַת יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ כָּל-עֹשֵׂה אֵלֶּה

.

The implements of men shall not be upon women, nor shall men wear the attire of women — for the Lord your God abhors all who do this.

Devarim 22:6

כִּי יִקָּרֵא קַן-צִפּוֹר לְפָנֶיךָ בַּדֶּרֶךְ בְּכָל-עֵץ אוֹ עַל-הָאָרֶץ אֶפְרֹחִים אוֹ בֵיצִים וְהָאֵם רֹבֶצֶת עַל-הָאֶפְרֹחִים אוֹ עַל-הַבֵּיצִים--לֹא-תִקַּח הָאֵם עַל-הַבָּנִים

. . . .

And if you come upon a bird's nest before you — on the road, or in a tree, or on the ground — chicks or eggs, and the mother is roosting upon them, you shall not take the mother together with the young.

Devarim 22:7

שַׁלֵּחַ תְּשַׁלַּח אֶת-הָאֵם וְאֶת-הַבָּנִים תִּקַּח-לָךְ לְמַעַן יִיטַב לָךְ וְהַאֲרַכְתָּ יָמִים

. . .

Rather, release the mother with a releasing, and take the young for yourself — so that it may go well for you, and your days may be prolonged.

Devarim 22:8

כִּי תִבְנֶה בַּיִת חָדָשׁ וְעָשִׂיתָ מַעֲקֶה לְגַגֶּךָ וְלֹא-תָשִׂים דָּמִים בְּבֵיתֶךָ כִּי-יִפֹּל הַנֹּפֵל מִמֶּנּוּ

. .

And when you build a new house, make a railing upon your roof; and do not place a hidden danger in your dwelling, that one who falls may fall from it.

Devarim 22:9

לֹא-תִזְרַע כַּרְמְךָ כִּלְאָיִם פֶּן-תִּקְדַּשׁ הַמְלֵאָה הַזֶּרַע אֲשֶׁר תִּזְרָע וּתְבוּאַת הַכָּרֶם

. . .

Do not sow your vineyard with two kinds, lest there be forbidden to you the first-yield of the seed that you sow, together with the produce of the vineyard.

Devarim 22:10

לֹא-תַחֲרֹשׁ בְּשׁוֹר-וּבַחֲמֹר יַחְדָּו

Do not yoke the ox and the donkey together.

Devarim 22:11

לֹא תִלְבַּשׁ שַׁעַטְנֵז צֶמֶר וּפִשְׁתִּים יַחְדָּו

.

Do not wear a garment of mixed material — of wool and linen together.

Devarim 22:12

גְּדִלִים תַּעֲשֶׂה-לָּךְ עַל-אַרְבַּע כַּנְפוֹת כְּסוּתְךָ אֲשֶׁר תְּכַסֶּה-בָּהּ

. .

And make for yourself braided cords on the four corners of your garment with which you cover yourself.

Devarim 22:13

כִּי-יִקַּח אִישׁ אִשָּׁה וּבָא אֵלֶיהָ וּשְׂנֵאָהּ

.

And if a man takes a woman in marriage, and enters in to her, and then comes to hate her —

Devarim 22:14

וְשָׂם לָהּ עֲלִילֹת דְּבָרִים וְהוֹצִא עָלֶיהָ שֵׁם רָע וְאָמַר אֶת-הָאִשָּׁה הַזֹּאת לָקַחְתִּי וָאֶקְרַב אֵלֶיהָ וְלֹא-מָצָאתִי לָהּ בְּתוּלִים

. . . . .

and he fabricates pretextual charges against her, and puts out evil names concerning her, and says: 'I took this woman in marriage, and when I drew near to her I did not find for her a proof of innocence' —

Devarim 22:15

וְלָקַח אֲבִי הַנַּעֲרָ וְאִמָּהּ וְהוֹצִיאוּ אֶת-בְּתוּלֵי הַנַּעֲרָ אֶל-זִקְנֵי הָעִיר--הַשָּׁעְרָה

. .

then her father and her mother shall take that proof of innocence, and bring it out to the elders of the town and to the gate of the judge.

Devarim 22:16

וְאָמַר אֲבִי הַנַּעֲרָ אֶל-הַזְּקֵנִים אֶת-בִּתִּי נָתַתִּי לָאִישׁ הַזֶּה לְאִשָּׁה--וַיִּשְׂנָאֶהָ

. .

And her father shall say to the elders: 'I gave my daughter in marriage to this man, and he came to hate her.'

Devarim 22:17

וְהִנֵּה-הוּא שָׂם עֲלִילֹת דְּבָרִים לֵאמֹר לֹא-מָצָאתִי לְבִתְּךָ בְּתוּלִים וְאֵלֶּה בְּתוּלֵי בִתִּי וּפָרְשׂוּ הַשִּׂמְלָה לִפְנֵי זִקְנֵי הָעִיר

. . .

And this very one has fabricated pretextual charges against her, saying: 'I did not find for her a proof of innocence' — but here is her proof of innocence.' And they shall spread out the cloth, or its equivalent, before them.

Devarim 22:18

וְלָקְחוּ זִקְנֵי הָעִיר-הַהִוא אֶת-הָאִישׁ וְיִסְּרוּ אֹתוֹ

.

Then the elders of that town shall take that man and discipline him.

Devarim 22:19

וְעָנְשׁוּ אֹתוֹ מֵאָה כֶסֶף וְנָתְנוּ לַאֲבִי הַנַּעֲרָה--כִּי הוֹצִיא שֵׁם רָע עַל בְּתוּלַת יִשְׂרָאֵל וְלוֹ-תִהְיֶה לְאִשָּׁה לֹא-יוּכַל לְשַׁלְּחָהּ כָּל-יָמָיו

. . . . .

And they shall fine him a hundred dirhams and pay them to the girl's father, because he put out an evil name against a virgin of the house of Israel; and she shall be his wife, and it is not permitted for him to divorce her all his days.

Devarim 22:20

וְאִם-אֱמֶת הָיָה הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה לֹא-נִמְצְאוּ בְתוּלִים לַנַּעֲרָ

.

But if the matter is true and no proof of innocence is found for the girl —

Devarim 22:21

וְהוֹצִיאוּ אֶת-הַנַּעֲרָ אֶל-פֶּתַח בֵּית-אָבִיהָ וּסְקָלוּהָ אַנְשֵׁי עִירָהּ בָּאֲבָנִים וָמֵתָה--כִּי-עָשְׂתָה נְבָלָה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל לִזְנוֹת בֵּית אָבִיהָ וּבִעַרְתָּ הָרָע מִקִּרְבֶּךָ

. . .

then let her be brought out to the door of her father's house, and all the people of her town shall stone her with stones until she dies — because she committed a vile act among the house of Israel, fornicating while under the protection of her father's house. And purge those who do evil from among you.

Devarim 22:22

כִּי-יִמָּצֵא אִישׁ שֹׁכֵב עִם-אִשָּׁה בְעֻלַת-בַּעַל וּמֵתוּ גַּם-שְׁנֵיהֶם--הָאִישׁ הַשֹּׁכֵב עִם-הָאִשָּׁה וְהָאִשָּׁה וּבִעַרְתָּ הָרָע מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל

. . . .

And if a man is found lying with a woman who has a husband, then both of them shall be put to death — the man who lay with her, and she. And purge those who do evil from the house of Israel.

Devarim 22:23

כִּי יִהְיֶה נַעֲרָ בְתוּלָה מְאֹרָשָׂה לְאִישׁ וּמְצָאָהּ אִישׁ בָּעִיר וְשָׁכַב עִמָּהּ

. . .

And if there is a young virgin girl who has been betrothed to a man, and another man finds her in the town and lies with her —

Devarim 22:24

וְהוֹצֵאתֶם אֶת-שְׁנֵיהֶם אֶל-שַׁעַר הָעִיר הַהִוא וּסְקַלְתֶּם אֹתָם בָּאֲבָנִים וָמֵתוּ--אֶת-הַנַּעֲרָ עַל-דְּבַר אֲשֶׁר לֹא-צָעֲקָה בָעִיר וְאֶת-הָאִישׁ עַל-דְּבַר אֲשֶׁר-עִנָּה אֶת-אֵשֶׁת רֵעֵהוּ וּבִעַרְתָּ הָרָע מִקִּרְבֶּךָ

. . . . . . .

then bring the two of them out to the gate of that town, and stone them both with stones until they die: as for the girl, because she did not cry out while she was in the town; and as for the man, because he came upon the wife of his fellow. And purge those who do evil from among you.

Devarim 22:25

וְאִם-בַּשָּׂדֶה יִמְצָא הָאִישׁ אֶת-הַנַּעֲרָ הַמְאֹרָשָׂה וְהֶחֱזִיק-בָּהּ הָאִישׁ וְשָׁכַב עִמָּהּ וּמֵת הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר-שָׁכַב עִמָּהּ--לְבַדּוֹ

. .

But if the man finds the betrothed girl in the wilderness, and seizes her and lies with her, then that man who lay with her alone shall be put to death.

Devarim 22:26

וְלַנַּעֲרָ לֹא-תַעֲשֶׂה דָבָר אֵין לַנַּעֲרָ חֵטְא מָוֶת כִּי כַּאֲשֶׁר יָקוּם אִישׁ עַל-רֵעֵהוּ וּרְצָחוֹ נֶפֶשׁ--כֵּן הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה

. . . .

But as for the girl, do nothing to her — for she has no sin warranting death. For this matter is like one who rises up against his fellow and kills him, thereby taking his life from him.

Devarim 22:27

כִּי בַשָּׂדֶה מְצָאָהּ צָעֲקָה הַנַּעֲרָ הַמְאֹרָשָׂה וְאֵין מוֹשִׁיעַ לָהּ

. .

For he found her in the wilderness: it is possible that she cried out, but there was no rescuer for her.

Devarim 22:28

כִּי-יִמְצָא אִישׁ נַעֲרָ בְתוּלָה אֲשֶׁר לֹא-אֹרָשָׂה וּתְפָשָׂהּ וְשָׁכַב עִמָּהּ וְנִמְצָאוּ

. . .

And if a man finds a young virgin girl who has not been betrothed, and he seizes her and lies with her, and they are found —

Devarim 22:29

וְנָתַן הָאִישׁ הַשֹּׁכֵב עִמָּהּ לַאֲבִי הַנַּעֲרָ--חֲמִשִּׁים כָּסֶף וְלוֹ-תִהְיֶה לְאִשָּׁה תַּחַת אֲשֶׁר עִנָּהּ--לֹא-יוּכַל שַׁלְּחָהּ כָּל-יָמָיו

. . .

then that man shall give to her father fifty dirhams, and she shall be his wife in recompense for what he did to her; it is not permitted for him to divorce her all his days.