Saadia · Vayikra 11
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- Vayikra 11:1
וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל-מֹשֶׁה וְאֶל-אַהֲרֹן לֵאמֹר אֲלֵהֶם
And God spoke to Moses and Aaron, and said to them:
- Vayikra 11:2
דַּבְּרוּ אֶל-בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵאמֹר זֹאת הַחַיָּה אֲשֶׁר תֹּאכְלוּ מִכָּל-הַבְּהֵמָה אֲשֶׁר עַל-הָאָרֶץ
. .
"Speak to the sons of Israel, and say to them: This is the animal which it is permitted that you eat, from all the beasts that walk upon the earth:
- Vayikra 11:3
כֹּל מַפְרֶסֶת פַּרְסָה וְשֹׁסַעַת שֶׁסַע פְּרָסֹת מַעֲלַת גֵּרָה בַּבְּהֵמָה--אֹתָהּ תֹּאכֵלוּ
. . .
every one that is hoofed with a hoof, and whose hooves are divided in a division, and that brings up cud, among the beasts — eat it.
- Vayikra 11:4
אַךְ אֶת-זֶה לֹא תֹאכְלוּ מִמַּעֲלֵי הַגֵּרָה וּמִמַּפְרִסֵי הַפַּרְסָה אֶת-הַגָּמָל כִּי-מַעֲלֵה גֵרָה הוּא וּפַרְסָה אֵינֶנּוּ מַפְרִיס--טָמֵא הוּא לָכֶם
. . . . .
But this you shall not eat, from those that bring up cud and those that are divided of hoof: the camel — for it brings up cud yet is not hoofed with a hoof; it is impure for you.
- Vayikra 11:5
וְאֶת-הַשָּׁפָן כִּי-מַעֲלֵה גֵרָה הוּא וּפַרְסָה לֹא יַפְרִיס טָמֵא הוּא לָכֶם
. .
And the hyrax — for it brings up cud yet is not hoofed with a hoof; it is impure for you.
- Vayikra 11:6
וְאֶת-הָאַרְנֶבֶת כִּי-מַעֲלַת גֵּרָה הִוא וּפַרְסָה לֹא הִפְרִיסָה טְמֵאָה הִוא לָכֶם
. . .
And the hare — for it brings up cud, yet it is not hoofed; it is impure for you.
- Vayikra 11:7
וְאֶת-הַחֲזִיר כִּי-מַפְרִיס פַּרְסָה הוּא וְשֹׁסַע שֶׁסַע פַּרְסָה וְהוּא גֵּרָה לֹא-יִגָּר טָמֵא הוּא לָכֶם
. . .
And the swine — for it is hoofed with a hoof, and its hoof is divided in a division, yet it is one that does not chew cud; it is impure for you.
- Vayikra 11:8
מִבְּשָׂרָם לֹא תֹאכֵלוּ וּבְנִבְלָתָם לֹא תִגָּעוּ טְמֵאִים הֵם לָכֶם
. .
Of their flesh you shall not eat, and to their carcasses you shall not approach; thus they are impure for you.
- Vayikra 11:9
אֶת-זֶה תֹּאכְלוּ מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר בַּמָּיִם כֹּל אֲשֶׁר-לוֹ סְנַפִּיר וְקַשְׂקֶשֶׂת בַּמַּיִם בַּיַּמִּים וּבַנְּחָלִים--אֹתָם תֹּאכֵלוּ
. . .
This is what it is permitted that you eat from all that is in the water: everything that has fins and scales in the water, in the seas and the wadis — eat it.
- Vayikra 11:10
וְכֹל אֲשֶׁר אֵין-לוֹ סְנַפִּיר וְקַשְׂקֶשֶׂת בַּיַּמִּים וּבַנְּחָלִים מִכֹּל שֶׁרֶץ הַמַּיִם וּמִכֹּל נֶפֶשׁ הַחַיָּה אֲשֶׁר בַּמָּיִם--שֶׁקֶץ הֵם לָכֶם
. . . .
But everything that has no fins and scales, in the seas and the wadis, from all the creeping things of the water, and all the animals that are in the water — it is an abomination for you.
- Vayikra 11:11
וְשֶׁקֶץ יִהְיוּ לָכֶם מִבְּשָׂרָם לֹא תֹאכֵלוּ וְאֶת-נִבְלָתָם תְּשַׁקֵּצוּ
. .
Their being abominations for you — of their flesh you shall not eat, and their carcasses you shall treat as abominations.
- Vayikra 11:12
כֹּל אֲשֶׁר אֵין-לוֹ סְנַפִּיר וְקַשְׂקֶשֶׂת בַּמָּיִם--שֶׁקֶץ הוּא לָכֶם
. .
Thus everything that has no fins and scales in the water — it is an abomination for you.
- Vayikra 11:13
וְאֶת-אֵלֶּה תְּשַׁקְּצוּ מִן-הָעוֹף לֹא יֵאָכְלוּ שֶׁקֶץ הֵם אֶת-הַנֶּשֶׁר וְאֶת-הַפֶּרֶס וְאֵת הָעָזְנִיָּה
. .
And these are what you shall treat as abominations from the birds — they shall not be eaten, for they are abominations: the vulture, and the eagle, and the 'anqah.
- Vayikra 11:14
וְאֶת-הַדָּאָה--וְאֶת-הָאַיָּה לְמִינָהּ
.
And the kite, and the buzzard according to its kinds.
- Vayikra 11:15
אֵת כָּל-עֹרֵב לְמִינוֹ
And all the ravens according to their kinds.
- Vayikra 11:16
וְאֵת בַּת הַיַּעֲנָה וְאֶת-הַתַּחְמָס וְאֶת-הַשָּׁחַף וְאֶת-הַנֵּץ לְמִינֵהוּ
. .
And the ostrich, and the swift and the 'saf', and the hawk according to its kinds.
- Vayikra 11:17
וְאֶת-הַכּוֹס וְאֶת-הַשָּׁלָךְ וְאֶת-הַיַּנְשׁוּף
And the owl, and the cormorant, and the eagle-owl.
- Vayikra 11:18
וְאֶת-הַתִּנְשֶׁמֶת וְאֶת-הַקָּאָת וְאֶת-הָרָחָם
And the falcon, and the pelican, and the vulture.
- Vayikra 11:19
וְאֵת הַחֲסִידָה הָאֲנָפָה לְמִינָהּ וְאֶת-הַדּוּכִיפַת וְאֶת-הָעֲטַלֵּף
.
And the saker and the parrot according to its kinds, and the hoopoe and the bat.
- Vayikra 11:20
כֹּל שֶׁרֶץ הָעוֹף הַהֹלֵךְ עַל-אַרְבַּע--שֶׁקֶץ הוּא לָכֶם
. .
And all the creeping things of the birds that walk on four — it is an abomination for you.
- Vayikra 11:21
אַךְ אֶת-זֶה תֹּאכְלוּ מִכֹּל שֶׁרֶץ הָעוֹף הַהֹלֵךְ עַל-אַרְבַּע אֲשֶׁר-לא (לוֹ) כְרָעַיִם מִמַּעַל לְרַגְלָיו לְנַתֵּר בָּהֵן עַל-הָאָרֶץ
. . . .
But this is what it is permitted that you eat from all the creeping things of the birds that walk on four: whatever has two jumping-legs above its feet, with which to leap upon the earth.
- Vayikra 11:22
אֶת-אֵלֶּה מֵהֶם תֹּאכֵלוּ--אֶת-הָאַרְבֶּה לְמִינוֹ וְאֶת-הַסָּלְעָם לְמִינֵהוּ וְאֶת-הַחַרְגֹּל לְמִינֵהוּ וְאֶת-הֶחָגָב לְמִינֵהוּ
. . . .
These are what you may eat from them: the locust and its kinds, and the duba and its kinds, and the harjal and its kinds, and the grasshopper and its kinds.
- Vayikra 11:23
וְכֹל שֶׁרֶץ הָעוֹף אֲשֶׁר-לוֹ אַרְבַּע רַגְלָיִם--שֶׁקֶץ הוּא לָכֶם
. .
And the rest of the creeping things of the birds that have four legs — it is an abomination for you.
- Vayikra 11:24
וּלְאֵלֶּה תִּטַּמָּאוּ כָּל-הַנֹּגֵעַ בְּנִבְלָתָם יִטְמָא עַד-הָעָרֶב
. .
And by these you shall become impure: every one who approaches their carcasses shall wash his garments and be impure until the setting.
- Vayikra 11:25
וְכָל-הַנֹּשֵׂא מִנִּבְלָתָם--יְכַבֵּס בְּגָדָיו וְטָמֵא עַד-הָעָרֶב
.
And every one who carries from their carcasses shall wash his garments and be impure until the setting.
- Vayikra 11:26
לְכָל-הַבְּהֵמָה אֲשֶׁר הִוא מַפְרֶסֶת פַּרְסָה וְשֶׁסַע אֵינֶנָּה שֹׁסַעַת וְגֵרָה אֵינֶנָּה מַעֲלָה--טְמֵאִים הֵם לָכֶם כָּל-הַנֹּגֵעַ בָּהֶם יִטְמָא
. . . . .
From all the beasts that are hoofed with a hoof, yet division is not in them as divided, and cud-chewing is not in them as bringing up — they are impure for you; every one who approaches them shall be impure.
- Vayikra 11:27
וְכֹל הוֹלֵךְ עַל-כַּפָּיו בְּכָל-הַחַיָּה הַהֹלֶכֶת עַל-אַרְבַּע--טְמֵאִים הֵם לָכֶם כָּל-הַנֹּגֵעַ בְּנִבְלָתָם יִטְמָא עַד-הָעָרֶב
. . .
And every one that walks on its paws, from all the wild creatures that walk on four — it is impure for you; every one who approaches their carcasses shall be impure until the setting.
- Vayikra 11:28
וְהַנֹּשֵׂא אֶת-נִבְלָתָם--יְכַבֵּס בְּגָדָיו וְטָמֵא עַד-הָעָרֶב טְמֵאִים הֵמָּה לָכֶם
. .
And whoever carries from their carcasses shall wash his garments and be impure until the setting. Thus they are impurities for you.
- Vayikra 11:29
וְזֶה לָכֶם הַטָּמֵא בַּשֶּׁרֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵץ עַל-הָאָרֶץ הַחֹלֶד וְהָעַכְבָּר וְהַצָּב לְמִינֵהוּ
. .
And this is what is impure for you from the creeping things that creep upon the earth: the mole, and the mouse, and the spiny lizard according to its kinds.
- Vayikra 11:30
וְהָאֲנָקָה וְהַכֹּחַ וְהַלְּטָאָה וְהַחֹמֶט וְהַתִּנְשָׁמֶת
And the monitor lizard, and the gecko, and the chameleon, and the agama, and the skink.
- Vayikra 11:31
אֵלֶּה הַטְּמֵאִים לָכֶם בְּכָל-הַשָּׁרֶץ כָּל-הַנֹּגֵעַ בָּהֶם בְּמֹתָם יִטְמָא עַד-הָעָרֶב
. .
These are the impure for you from all the creeping things; every one who approaches them at the time of their death shall be impure until the setting.
- Vayikra 11:32
וְכֹל אֲשֶׁר-יִפֹּל-עָלָיו מֵהֶם בְּמֹתָם יִטְמָא מִכָּל-כְּלִי-עֵץ אוֹ בֶגֶד אוֹ-עוֹר אוֹ שָׂק כָּל-כְּלִי אֲשֶׁר-יֵעָשֶׂה מְלָאכָה בָּהֶם בַּמַּיִם יוּבָא וְטָמֵא עַד-הָעֶרֶב וְטָהֵר
. . . .
And everything upon which any of them falls after their death shall be impure — from any vessel of wood, or cloth, or leather, or sacking; and every vessel with which work is done shall be brought into the water, and shall be impure until the setting, and then it shall be pure.
- Vayikra 11:33
וְכָל-כְּלִי-חֶרֶשׂ--אֲשֶׁר-יִפֹּל מֵהֶם אֶל-תּוֹכוֹ כֹּל אֲשֶׁר בְּתוֹכוֹ יִטְמָא וְאֹתוֹ תִשְׁבֹּרוּ
. . .
And any earthen vessel into which anything of them falls — everything within it shall be impure, and it itself you shall break.
- Vayikra 11:34
מִכָּל-הָאֹכֶל אֲשֶׁר יֵאָכֵל אֲשֶׁר יָבוֹא עָלָיו מַיִם--יִטְמָא וְכָל-מַשְׁקֶה אֲשֶׁר יִשָּׁתֶה בְּכָל-כְּלִי יִטְמָא
. . .
From all food that is eaten, if water enters it, it shall be impure; and all drink that is drunk, in any vessel, shall be impure.
- Vayikra 11:35
וְכֹל אֲשֶׁר-יִפֹּל מִנִּבְלָתָם עָלָיו יִטְמָא--תַּנּוּר וְכִירַיִם יֻתָּץ טְמֵאִים הֵם וּטְמֵאִים יִהְיוּ לָכֶם
. . .
And everything upon which any of their carcasses falls shall be impure — whether an oven or a stove, demolish them both, for they are impure; and thus they are impurities for you.
- Vayikra 11:36
אַךְ מַעְיָן וּבוֹר מִקְוֵה-מַיִם יִהְיֶה טָהוֹר וְנֹגֵעַ בְּנִבְלָתָם יִטְמָא
. .
But a spring and a well, and a gathering of water, shall remain pure; yet whoever approaches their carcasses in it shall be impure.
- Vayikra 11:37
וְכִי יִפֹּל מִנִּבְלָתָם עַל-כָּל-זֶרַע זֵרוּעַ אֲשֶׁר יִזָּרֵעַ--טָהוֹר הוּא
. .
And if any of their carcasses falls upon any of the vegetation and grain that is sown, it is pure.
- Vayikra 11:38
וְכִי יֻתַּן-מַיִם עַל-זֶרַע וְנָפַל מִנִּבְלָתָם עָלָיו--טָמֵא הוּא לָכֶם
. .
But if water has been placed upon it and then any of their carcasses falls upon it, it is impure for you.
- Vayikra 11:39
וְכִי יָמוּת מִן-הַבְּהֵמָה אֲשֶׁר-הִיא לָכֶם לְאָכְלָה--הַנֹּגֵעַ בְּנִבְלָתָהּ יִטְמָא עַד-הָעָרֶב
. .
And when there dies from the animals which it is permitted for you to eat, whoever approaches its carcass shall be impure until the setting.
- Vayikra 11:40
וְהָאֹכֵל מִנִּבְלָתָהּ--יְכַבֵּס בְּגָדָיו וְטָמֵא עַד-הָעָרֶב וְהַנֹּשֵׂא אֶת-נִבְלָתָהּ--יְכַבֵּס בְּגָדָיו וְטָמֵא עַד-הָעָרֶב
. . .
And whoever eats from it shall wash his garments and be impure until the setting; and whoever carries from it shall wash his garments and be impure until the setting.
- Vayikra 11:41
וְכָל-הַשֶּׁרֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵץ עַל-הָאָרֶץ--שֶׁקֶץ הוּא לֹא יֵאָכֵל
.
And all the creeping things that creep upon the earth — it is an abomination, it shall not be eaten.
- Vayikra 11:42
כֹּל הוֹלֵךְ עַל-גָּחוֹן וְכֹל הוֹלֵךְ עַל-אַרְבַּע עַד כָּל-מַרְבֵּה רַגְלַיִם לְכָל-הַשֶּׁרֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵץ עַל-הָאָרֶץ--לֹא תֹאכְלוּם כִּי-שֶׁקֶץ הֵם
. . . .
Every one that walks on its belly, and every one that walks on four, and whatever has many legs, from all the creeping things that creep upon the earth — do not eat them, for they are abominations.
- Vayikra 11:43
אַל-תְּשַׁקְּצוּ אֶת-נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם בְּכָל-הַשֶּׁרֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵץ וְלֹא תִטַּמְּאוּ בָּהֶם וְנִטְמֵתֶם בָּם
. .
And do not make your souls abominable with anything of the creeping things that creep, and do not defile yourselves with them, lest you disobey Me thereby.
- Vayikra 11:44
כִּי אֲנִי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם וְהִתְקַדִּשְׁתֶּם וִהְיִיתֶם קְדֹשִׁים כִּי קָדוֹשׁ אָנִי וְלֹא תְטַמְּאוּ אֶת-נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם בְּכָל-הַשֶּׁרֶץ הָרֹמֵשׂ עַל-הָאָרֶץ
. . . .
For I am God your Lord — sanctify yourselves and be holy, for I am holy; and do not defile your souls with anything of the creeping things that creep upon the earth.
- Vayikra 11:45
כִּי אֲנִי יְהוָה הַמַּעֲלֶה אֶתְכֶם מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם לִהְיֹת לָכֶם לֵאלֹהִים וִהְיִיתֶם קְדֹשִׁים כִּי קָדוֹשׁ אָנִי
. . . .
For I am God, who brought you up from the land of Egypt, to be your God — so be holy, for I am the Holy One.
- Vayikra 11:46
זֹאת תּוֹרַת הַבְּהֵמָה וְהָעוֹף וְכֹל נֶפֶשׁ הַחַיָּה הָרֹמֶשֶׂת בַּמָּיִם וּלְכָל-נֶפֶשׁ הַשֹּׁרֶצֶת עַל-הָאָרֶץ
. . .
This is the law of the beasts and the birds, and all the living souls that creep in the water, and the rest of the souls that creep upon the earth:
- Vayikra 11:47
לְהַבְדִּיל בֵּין הַטָּמֵא וּבֵין הַטָּהֹר וּבֵין הַחַיָּה הַנֶּאֱכֶלֶת וּבֵין הַחַיָּה אֲשֶׁר לֹא תֵאָכֵל
. . .
that you separate between the impure and the pure, and between the animal that may be eaten and that which may not be eaten."
English is a working draft — author revising