Saadia's Tafsir on Vayikra 7 (Parashat Tzav)

Vayikra 7:1

וְזֹאת תּוֹרַת הָאָשָׁם קֹדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים הוּא

.

And these are the ordinances of the guilt-offering — it too is among the choicest of the consecrated things.

Vayikra 7:2

בִּמְקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁחֲטוּ אֶת-הָעֹלָה יִשְׁחֲטוּ אֶת-הָאָשָׁם וְאֶת-דָּמוֹ יִזְרֹק עַל-הַמִּזְבֵּחַ סָבִיב

. .

In the place where they slaughter the elevation-offering, they shall slaughter the guilt-offering; and its blood shall be sprinkled upon the altar all around.

Vayikra 7:3

וְאֵת כָּל-חֶלְבּוֹ יַקְרִיב מִמֶּנּוּ--אֵת הָאַלְיָה וְאֶת-הַחֵלֶב הַמְכַסֶּה אֶת-הַקֶּרֶב

.

And all its fat shall be lifted from it — the broad tail and the suet that covers the innards,

Vayikra 7:4

וְאֵת שְׁתֵּי הַכְּלָיֹת וְאֶת-הַחֵלֶב אֲשֶׁר עֲלֵיהֶן אֲשֶׁר עַל-הַכְּסָלִים וְאֶת-הַיֹּתֶרֶת עַל-הַכָּבֵד עַל-הַכְּלָיֹת יְסִירֶנָּה

. . . .

and the two kidneys and the fat that is upon them, which is upon the entrails, and the lobe of the liver — along with the kidneys he shall remove them.

Vayikra 7:5

וְהִקְטִיר אֹתָם הַכֹּהֵן הַמִּזְבֵּחָה אִשֶּׁה לַיהוָה אָשָׁם הוּא

. .

And the imām shall burn them upon the altar as an offering to God — thus is what the guilt-offering becomes.

Vayikra 7:6

כָּל-זָכָר בַּכֹּהֲנִים יֹאכְלֶנּוּ בְּמָקוֹם קָדוֹשׁ יֵאָכֵל קֹדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים הוּא

. .

Every male among the imāms may eat it; in a consecrated place it shall be eaten, for it is among the choicest of the consecrated things.

Vayikra 7:7

כַּחַטָּאת כָּאָשָׁם--תּוֹרָה אַחַת לָהֶם הַכֹּהֵן אֲשֶׁר יְכַפֶּר-בּוֹ לוֹ יִהְיֶה

. . .

The guilt-offering is like the sin-offering — one ordinance for them both; the imām who makes atonement through it, to him it shall belong.

Vayikra 7:8

וְהַכֹּהֵן--הַמַּקְרִיב אֶת-עֹלַת אִישׁ עוֹר הָעֹלָה אֲשֶׁר הִקְרִיב לַכֹּהֵן לוֹ יִהְיֶה

. .

And the imām who offers an elevation-offering on behalf of a man — its hide, after its having been offered, shall be his.

Vayikra 7:10

וְכָל-מִנְחָה בְלוּלָה-בַשֶּׁמֶן וַחֲרֵבָה--לְכָל-בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן תִּהְיֶה אִישׁ כְּאָחִיו

. . .

And every gift-offering mixed with oil or dry shall belong to all the sons of Aaron — one the same as another.

Vayikra 7:11

וְזֹאת תּוֹרַת זֶבַח הַשְּׁלָמִים אֲשֶׁר יַקְרִיב לַיהוָה

.

And these are the ordinances of the peace-offering sacrifice which one offers to God.

Vayikra 7:12

אִם עַל-תּוֹדָה יַקְרִיבֶנּוּ--וְהִקְרִיב עַל-זֶבַח הַתּוֹדָה חַלּוֹת מַצּוֹת בְּלוּלֹת בַּשֶּׁמֶן וּרְקִיקֵי מַצּוֹת מְשֻׁחִים בַּשָּׁמֶן וְסֹלֶת מֻרְבֶּכֶת חַלֹּת בְּלוּלֹת בַּשָּׁמֶן

. . .

If he offers it as a thanksgiving, then he shall offer with it loaves of unleavened bread mixed with oil, and wafers of unleavened bread smeared with oil, and layers of fine flour — loaves mixed with oil.

Vayikra 7:13

עַל-חַלֹּת לֶחֶם חָמֵץ יַקְרִיב קָרְבָּנוֹ עַל-זֶבַח תּוֹדַת שְׁלָמָיו

. .

Together with loaves of leavened bread he shall offer his offering, with the thanksgiving sacrifice of his peace-offering.

Vayikra 7:14

וְהִקְרִיב מִמֶּנּוּ אֶחָד מִכָּל-קָרְבָּן תְּרוּמָה לַיהוָה לַכֹּהֵן הַזֹּרֵק אֶת-דַּם הַשְּׁלָמִים--לוֹ יִהְיֶה

. . .

And he shall offer from it one loaf from each offering, as an elevation to God; to the imām who sprinkles the blood of the peace-offering — to him it shall belong.

Vayikra 7:15

וּבְשַׂר זֶבַח תּוֹדַת שְׁלָמָיו--בְּיוֹם קָרְבָּנוֹ יֵאָכֵל לֹא-יַנִּיחַ מִמֶּנּוּ עַד-בֹּקֶר

.

And the flesh of the thanksgiving sacrifice of the peace-offering shall be eaten on the day of its offering; he shall not leave any of it until morning.

Vayikra 7:16

וְאִם-נֶדֶר אוֹ נְדָבָה זֶבַח קָרְבָּנוֹ--בְּיוֹם הַקְרִיבוֹ אֶת-זִבְחוֹ יֵאָכֵל וּמִמָּחֳרָת וְהַנּוֹתָר מִמֶּנּוּ יֵאָכֵל

. . . .

But if the sacrifice of his offering be a vow or a freewill-offering, it shall be eaten on the day of his offering it; and on the morrow, what remains of it shall be eaten.

Vayikra 7:17

וְהַנּוֹתָר מִבְּשַׂר הַזָּבַח--בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁי בָּאֵשׁ יִשָּׂרֵף

. .

And what is left of the flesh of the sacrifice on the third day shall be burned with fire.

Vayikra 7:18

וְאִם הֵאָכֹל יֵאָכֵל מִבְּשַׂר-זֶבַח שְׁלָמָיו בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁי לֹא יֵרָצֶה--הַמַּקְרִיב אֹתוֹ לֹא יֵחָשֵׁב לוֹ פִּגּוּל יִהְיֶה וְהַנֶּפֶשׁ הָאֹכֶלֶת מִמֶּנּוּ עֲו‍ֹנָהּ תִּשָּׂא

. . . . . .

And if any of the flesh of the peace-offering sacrifice be eaten on the third day, it shall not be accepted; and the one who offered it — it shall not be counted to him, but shall be as something abhorrent; and any person who eats of it shall have borne his burden of guilt.

Vayikra 7:19

וְהַבָּשָׂר אֲשֶׁר-יִגַּע בְּכָל-טָמֵא לֹא יֵאָכֵל--בָּאֵשׁ יִשָּׂרֵף וְהַבָּשָׂר--כָּל-טָהוֹר יֹאכַל בָּשָׂר

. . . .

And the flesh of the consecrated things — if it comes near to anything of the impurities, it shall not be eaten, but shall be burned with fire; and as for what is pure of it, none but one who is pure shall eat it.

Vayikra 7:20

וְהַנֶּפֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר-תֹּאכַל בָּשָׂר מִזֶּבַח הַשְּׁלָמִים אֲשֶׁר לַיהוָה וְטֻמְאָתוֹ עָלָיו--וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ הַהִוא מֵעַמֶּיהָ

. . .

And any person who eats flesh from the peace-offering sacrifice that belongs to God, while his impurity is upon him — that person shall be cut off from among his people.

Vayikra 7:21

וְנֶפֶשׁ כִּי-תִגַּע בְּכָל-טָמֵא בְּטֻמְאַת אָדָם אוֹ בִּבְהֵמָה טְמֵאָה אוֹ בְּכָל-שֶׁקֶץ טָמֵא וְאָכַל מִבְּשַׂר-זֶבַח הַשְּׁלָמִים אֲשֶׁר לַיהוָה--וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ הַהִוא מֵעַמֶּיהָ

. . .

And any person who touches anything of the impurities — whether the impurity of a human, or an impure beast, or anything of impure creeping things — and eats of the flesh of the peace-offering sacrifice that belongs to God, that person shall be cut off from his people.

Vayikra 7:22

וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל-מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹר

Then God spoke to Moses in speech.

Vayikra 7:23

דַּבֵּר אֶל-בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵאמֹר כָּל-חֵלֶב שׁוֹר וְכֶשֶׂב וָעֵז--לֹא תֹאכֵלוּ

. .

Command the sons of Israel, saying: All fat of cattle and sheep and goats — you shall not eat.

Vayikra 7:24

וְחֵלֶב נְבֵלָה וְחֵלֶב טְרֵפָה יֵעָשֶׂה לְכָל-מְלָאכָה וְאָכֹל לֹא תֹאכְלֻהוּ

. .

And the fat of a carcass and the fat of a diseased animal — use it for any craft, but as food you shall not eat it.

Vayikra 7:25

כִּי כָּל-אֹכֵל חֵלֶב מִן-הַבְּהֵמָה אֲשֶׁר יַקְרִיב מִמֶּנָּה אִשֶּׁה לַיהוָה--וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ הָאֹכֶלֶת מֵעַמֶּיהָ

. . . .

For anyone who eats any fat of the beasts from which an offering is brought to God — that person shall be cut off from among his people.

Vayikra 7:26

וְכָל-דָּם לֹא תֹאכְלוּ בְּכֹל מוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶם לָעוֹף וְלַבְּהֵמָה

. .

And all blood you shall not eat, in all your dwellings, whether of bird or of beasts.

Vayikra 7:27

כָּל-נֶפֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר-תֹּאכַל כָּל-דָּם--וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ הַהִוא מֵעַמֶּיהָ

.

Any person who eats any of the blood — that person shall be cut off from among his people.

Vayikra 7:28

וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל-מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹר

Then God spoke to Moses in speech.

Vayikra 7:29

דַּבֵּר אֶל-בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵאמֹר הַמַּקְרִיב אֶת-זֶבַח שְׁלָמָיו לַיהוָה--יָבִיא אֶת-קָרְבָּנוֹ לַיהוָה מִזֶּבַח שְׁלָמָיו

. . .

Address the sons of Israel and say to them: He who offers the peace-offering sacrifice to God — he is the one who shall bring his offering to God from the sacrifice of his peace-offering.

Vayikra 7:30

יָדָיו תְּבִיאֶינָה אֵת אִשֵּׁי יְהוָה אֶת-הַחֵלֶב עַל-הֶחָזֶה יְבִיאֶנּוּ--אֵת הֶחָזֶה לְהָנִיף אֹתוֹ תְּנוּפָה לִפְנֵי יְהוָה

. .

His own hands shall carry the offerings of God; the fat together with the breast he shall bring with it, and he shall wave it as a waving before God.

Vayikra 7:31

וְהִקְטִיר הַכֹּהֵן אֶת-הַחֵלֶב הַמִּזְבֵּחָה וְהָיָה הֶחָזֶה לְאַהֲרֹן וּלְבָנָיו

. . .

And the imām shall burn the fat upon the altar, and the breast shall become Aaron's and his sons'.

Vayikra 7:32

וְאֵת שׁוֹק הַיָּמִין תִּתְּנוּ תְרוּמָה לַכֹּהֵן מִזִּבְחֵי שַׁלְמֵיכֶם

. .

And the right haunch — give it as an elevation to the imām from the sacrifices of your peace-offerings.

Vayikra 7:33

הַמַּקְרִיב אֶת-דַּם הַשְּׁלָמִים וְאֶת-הַחֵלֶב--מִבְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן לוֹ תִהְיֶה שׁוֹק הַיָּמִין לְמָנָה

. . .

He among the sons of Aaron who offers the blood of the peace-offering and the fat — to him shall belong the right haunch as his portion.

Vayikra 7:34

כִּי אֶת-חֲזֵה הַתְּנוּפָה וְאֵת שׁוֹק הַתְּרוּמָה לָקַחְתִּי מֵאֵת בְּנֵי-יִשְׂרָאֵל מִזִּבְחֵי שַׁלְמֵיהֶם וָאֶתֵּן אֹתָם לְאַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֵן וּלְבָנָיו לְחָק-עוֹלָם מֵאֵת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל

. . . .

For the breast of the waving and the haunch of the elevation I have taken from the sons of Israel, from the sacrifices of their peace-offerings, and I have given them to Aaron the imām and to his sons — an ordinance forever from the sons of Israel.

Vayikra 7:35

זֹאת מִשְׁחַת אַהֲרֹן וּמִשְׁחַת בָּנָיו מֵאִשֵּׁי יְהוָה בְּיוֹם הִקְרִיב אֹתָם לְכַהֵן לַיהוָה

. . .

This is the portion of Aaron and his sons from the offerings of God, on the day they were presented to serve as imāms before God.

Vayikra 7:36

אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה לָתֵת לָהֶם בְּיוֹם מָשְׁחוֹ אֹתָם מֵאֵת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל--חֻקַּת עוֹלָם לְדֹרֹתָם

. . .

Which God commanded to be given to them on the day of their anointing, from the sons of Israel — an ordinance forever for their generations.

Vayikra 7:37

זֹאת הַתּוֹרָה לָעֹלָה לַמִּנְחָה וְלַחַטָּאת וְלָאָשָׁם וְלַמִּלּוּאִים--וּלְזֶבַח הַשְּׁלָמִים

. . .

These are the ordinances for the elevation-offering and the gift-offering, and the sin-offering and the guilt-offering, and for the investiture, and for the peace-offering sacrifice —

Vayikra 7:38

אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה אֶת-מֹשֶׁה בְּהַר סִינָי בְּיוֹם צַוֹּתוֹ אֶת-בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְהַקְרִיב אֶת-קָרְבְּנֵיהֶם לַיהוָה--בְּמִדְבַּר סִינָי

. . .

which God commanded Moses on the mountain of Sinai, at the time He commanded the sons of Israel to offer their offerings to God in the wilderness of Sinai.