Saadia · Bereshit 10
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- Bereshit 10:1
וְאֵלֶּה תּוֹלְדֹת בְּנֵי-נֹחַ שֵׁם חָם וָיָפֶת וַיִּוָּלְדוּ לָהֶם בָּנִים אַחַר הַמַּבּוּל
. . .
And this is the exposition of the offspring of the sons of Noah — Shem, Ham, and Japheth; for sons were born to them after the flood.
- Bereshit 10:2
בְּנֵי יֶפֶת--גֹּמֶר וּמָגוֹג וּמָדַי וְיָוָן וְתֻבָל וּמֶשֶׁךְ וְתִירָס
. . .
Sons of Japheth: the Turks (Gomer), Yajuj (Magog), Maday, the Greeks (Yavan), China (Tubal), Khurasan (Meshech), and Persia (Tiras).
- Bereshit 10:3
וּבְנֵי גֹּמֶר--אַשְׁכְּנַז וְרִיפַת וְתֹגַרְמָה
And the sons of Gomer: the Slavs (Ashkenaz), the Franks (Riphat), and the Bulgars (Togarmah).
- Bereshit 10:4
וּבְנֵי יָוָן אֱלִישָׁה וְתַרְשִׁישׁ כִּתִּים וְדֹדָנִים
. .
And the sons of Yavan: Massisa (Elishah), Tarsus (Tarshish), Cyprus (Kittim), and Adana (Dodanim).
- Bereshit 10:5
מֵאֵלֶּה נִפְרְדוּ אִיֵּי הַגּוֹיִם בְּאַרְצֹתָם אִישׁ לִלְשֹׁנוֹ--לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם בְּגוֹיֵהֶם
. . .
From these were scattered the islands of the nations in their lands; each group to its language, according to their clans and their nations.
- Bereshit 10:6
וּבְנֵי חָם--כּוּשׁ וּמִצְרַיִם וּפוּט וּכְנָעַן
.
And the sons of Ham: Abyssinia (Cush), Egypt (Mizraim), Taft (Put), and Canaan.
- Bereshit 10:7
וּבְנֵי כוּשׁ--סְבָא וַחֲוִילָה וְסַבְתָּה וְרַעְמָה וְסַבְתְּכָא וּבְנֵי רַעְמָה שְׁבָא וּדְדָן
. . .
And the sons of Cush: Saba, Zawila (Havilah), Zaghawa (Sabtah), Qaqu (Raamah), and Damas (Sabtechah). And the sons of Raamah: Sind (Sheba) and India (Dedan).
- Bereshit 10:8
וְכוּשׁ יָלַד אֶת-נִמְרֹד הוּא הֵחֵל לִהְיוֹת גִּבֹּר בָּאָרֶץ
. .
And Cush begot Nimrod; he was the one who began to be a mighty one in the earth.
- Bereshit 10:9
הוּא-הָיָה גִבֹּר-צַיִד לִפְנֵי יְהוָה עַל-כֵּן יֵאָמַר כְּנִמְרֹד גִּבּוֹר צַיִד לִפְנֵי יְהוָה
. . .
He was a mighty one, fearsome before God; and therefore it is said: 'Like Nimrod — a mighty one, fearsome before God.'
- Bereshit 10:10
וַתְּהִי רֵאשִׁית מַמְלַכְתּוֹ בָּבֶל וְאֶרֶךְ וְאַכַּד וְכַלְנֵה בְּאֶרֶץ שִׁנְעָר
. .
And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and al-Birs (Erech), and al-Karkh (Akkad), and al-Kufa (Calneh), in the land of Shinar.
- Bereshit 10:11
מִן-הָאָרֶץ הַהִוא יָצָא אַשּׁוּר וַיִּבֶן אֶת-נִינְוֵה וְאֶת-רְחֹבֹת עִיר וְאֶת-כָּלַח
.
From that land Asshur went out; and he built Nineveh, and Rahbat al-qarya (Rehoboth-Ir), and al-Ubulla (Calah),
- Bereshit 10:12
וְאֶת-רֶסֶן בֵּין נִינְוֵה וּבֵין כָּלַח--הִוא הָעִיר הַגְּדֹלָה
. .
and al-Madain (Resen), between Nineveh and al-Ubulla — it is the great city.
- Bereshit 10:13
וּמִצְרַיִם יָלַד אֶת-לוּדִים וְאֶת-עֲנָמִים וְאֶת-לְהָבִים--וְאֶת-נַפְתֻּחִים
.
And Egypt begot the Tinnisites (Ludim), and the Alexandrians (Anamim), and the Bahnasites (Lehabim), and the Faramites (Naphtuhim),
- Bereshit 10:14
וְאֶת-פַּתְרֻסִים וְאֶת-כַּסְלֻחִים אֲשֶׁר יָצְאוּ מִשָּׁם פְּלִשְׁתִּים--וְאֶת-כַּפְתֹּרִים
. .
and the Bayma (Pathrusim), and the Sa'idi (Casluhim) — from whom went forth the Palestinians (Philistines) — and the Damietta people (Caphtorim).
- Bereshit 10:15
וּכְנַעַן יָלַד אֶת-צִידֹן בְּכֹרוֹ--וְאֶת-חֵת
.
And Canaan begot Sidon his firstborn, and Heth,
- Bereshit 10:16
וְאֶת-הַיְבוּסִי וְאֶת-הָאֱמֹרִי וְאֵת הַגִּרְגָּשִׁי
and the Jebusites, and the Amorites, and the Girgashites,
- Bereshit 10:17
וְאֶת-הַחִוִּי וְאֶת-הַעַרְקִי וְאֶת-הַסִּינִי
and the Hivites, and the Arqites, and the Tripolitanians (Sinites),
- Bereshit 10:18
וְאֶת-הָאַרְוָדִי וְאֶת-הַצְּמָרִי וְאֶת-הַחֲמָתִי וְאַחַר נָפֹצוּ מִשְׁפְּחוֹת הַכְּנַעֲנִי
. .
and the Arwadites, and the Homsites (Zemarites), and the Hamawites (Hamathites). And after that, the clans of the Canaanites were dispersed.
- Bereshit 10:19
וַיְהִי גְּבוּל הַכְּנַעֲנִי מִצִּידֹן--בֹּאֲכָה גְרָרָה עַד-עַזָּה בֹּאֲכָה סְדֹמָה וַעֲמֹרָה וְאַדְמָה וּצְבֹיִם--עַד-לָשַׁע
. . .
And the border of the Canaanites was from Sidon — as you come to al-Khalus (Gerar) and to Ghazza (Gaza) — as you come to Sodom and Gomorrah, and Admah and Zeboiim, unto Lasha.
- Bereshit 10:20
אֵלֶּה בְנֵי-חָם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לִלְשֹׁנֹתָם בְּאַרְצֹתָם בְּגוֹיֵהֶם
. .
These are the sons of Ham, according to their clans and their languages, in their lands, according to their nations.
- Bereshit 10:21
וּלְשֵׁם יֻלַּד גַּם-הוּא אֲבִי כָּל-בְּנֵי-עֵבֶר--אֲחִי יֶפֶת הַגָּדוֹל
. .
And to Shem also there was born — he, the father of all the sons of Eber, the older brother of Japheth.
- Bereshit 10:22
בְּנֵי שֵׁם עֵילָם וְאַשּׁוּר וְאַרְפַּכְשַׁד וְלוּד וַאֲרָם
.
Sons of Shem: Khuzistan (Elam), and Mosul (Asshur), and Arpachshad, and Lud, and Armenia (Aram).
- Bereshit 10:23
וּבְנֵי אֲרָם--עוּץ וְחוּל וְגֶתֶר וָמַשׁ
.
And the sons of Aram: the Ghuta (Uz), the Hula (Hul), the Gharamiqa (Gether), and the Misha (Mash).
- Bereshit 10:24
וְאַרְפַּכְשַׁד יָלַד אֶת-שָׁלַח וְשֶׁלַח יָלַד אֶת-עֵבֶר
.
And Arpachshad begot Shelah; and Shelah begot Eber.
- Bereshit 10:25
וּלְעֵבֶר יֻלַּד שְׁנֵי בָנִים שֵׁם הָאֶחָד פֶּלֶג כִּי בְיָמָיו נִפְלְגָה הָאָרֶץ וְשֵׁם אָחִיו יָקְטָן
. . .
And to Eber two sons were born; the name of one of them was Qasim ('the divider' — Peleg), for in his days the earth was divided. And the name of his brother was Qahtan (Yoktan).
- Bereshit 10:26
וְיָקְטָן יָלַד אֶת-אַלְמוֹדָד וְאֶת-שָׁלֶף וְאֶת-חֲצַרְמָוֶת וְאֶת-יָרַח
. .
And Qahtan begot Almodad, and Sheleph (al-Salaf), and Hadhramaut, and Yarah,
- Bereshit 10:27
וְאֶת-הֲדוֹרָם וְאֶת-אוּזָל וְאֶת-דִּקְלָה
and Hadoram, and Uzal, and Diqla,
- Bereshit 10:28
וְאֶת-עוֹבָל וְאֶת-אֲבִימָאֵל וְאֶת-שְׁבָא
and Obal, and Abimael, and Saba,
- Bereshit 10:29
וְאֶת-אוֹפִר וְאֶת-חֲוִילָה וְאֶת-יוֹבָב כָּל-אֵלֶּה בְּנֵי יָקְטָן
.
and Ophir, and Havilah, and Yovav — all these were the sons of Qahtan.
- Bereshit 10:30
וַיְהִי מוֹשָׁבָם מִמֵּשָׁא בֹּאֲכָה סְפָרָה הַר הַקֶּדֶם
.
And their dwelling was from Mecca (Mesha) — as you come to Medina (Sephar) — to the eastern mountain.
- Bereshit 10:31
אֵלֶּה בְנֵי-שֵׁם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לִלְשֹׁנֹתָם בְּאַרְצֹתָם לְגוֹיֵהֶם
. .
These are the sons of Shem, according to their clans and their languages, in their lands and their nations.
- Bereshit 10:32
אֵלֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹת בְּנֵי-נֹחַ לְתוֹלְדֹתָם בְּגוֹיֵהֶם וּמֵאֵלֶּה נִפְרְדוּ הַגּוֹיִם בָּאָרֶץ--אַחַר הַמַּבּוּל
. . .
These are the clans of the sons of Noah, according to their offspring and their nations; and from them were the nations dispersed in the earth, after the flood.
English is a working draft — author revising