Saadia · Shemot 21
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- Shemot 21:1
וְאֵלֶּה הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים אֲשֶׁר תָּשִׂים לִפְנֵיהֶם
.
And these are the ordinances which you shall recite to them.
- Shemot 21:2
כִּי תִקְנֶה עֶבֶד עִבְרִי שֵׁשׁ שָׁנִים יַעֲבֹד וּבַשְּׁבִעִת--יֵצֵא לַחָפְשִׁי חִנָּם
. . .
Say to them: If you purchase a Hebrew slave, he shall serve you six years; and in the seventh, he shall go out free, without payment.
- Shemot 21:3
אִם-בְּגַפּוֹ יָבֹא בְּגַפּוֹ יֵצֵא אִם-בַּעַל אִשָּׁה הוּא וְיָצְאָה אִשְׁתּוֹ עִמּוֹ
. .
If he entered single, he shall go out single; and if he was possessed of a wife, his wife shall go out with him.
- Shemot 21:4
אִם-אֲדֹנָיו יִתֶּן-לוֹ אִשָּׁה וְיָלְדָה-לוֹ בָנִים אוֹ בָנוֹת--הָאִשָּׁה וִילָדֶיהָ תִּהְיֶה לַאדֹנֶיהָ וְהוּא יֵצֵא בְגַפּוֹ
. . . .
And if his master gave him a woman in marriage, and she bore him sons or daughters, the woman and her children shall belong to his master, and he shall go out single.
- Shemot 21:5
וְאִם-אָמֹר יֹאמַר הָעֶבֶד אָהַבְתִּי אֶת-אֲדֹנִי אֶת-אִשְׁתִּי וְאֶת-בָּנָי לֹא אֵצֵא חָפְשִׁי
. . .
And if the slave says: I have come to love my master, and my wife and my children — I will not go out free,
- Shemot 21:6
וְהִגִּישׁוֹ אֲדֹנָיו אֶל-הָאֱלֹהִים וְהִגִּישׁוֹ אֶל-הַדֶּלֶת אוֹ אֶל-הַמְּזוּזָה וְרָצַע אֲדֹנָיו אֶת-אָזְנוֹ בַּמַּרְצֵעַ וַעֲבָדוֹ לְעֹלָם
. . . .
then his master shall bring him before the judge, and shall bring him to the door-leaf and to the doorposts, and shall mark his ear with a branding iron, and he shall serve him forever.
- Shemot 21:7
וְכִי-יִמְכֹּר אִישׁ אֶת-בִּתּוֹ לְאָמָה--לֹא תֵצֵא כְּצֵאת הָעֲבָדִים
.
And if a man sells his daughter as a maidservant, she shall not go out as the going-out of the male slaves.
- Shemot 21:8
אִם-רָעָה בְּעֵינֵי אֲדֹנֶיהָ אֲשֶׁר-לא (לוֹ) יְעָדָהּ--וְהֶפְדָּהּ לְעַם נָכְרִי לֹא-יִמְשֹׁל לְמָכְרָהּ בְּבִגְדוֹ-בָהּ
. . .
If she is displeasing to her master, who had intended to marry her, he shall redeem her; he has no power to sell her to some other person who is a stranger to her, since he has been faithless to her.
- Shemot 21:9
וְאִם-לִבְנוֹ יִיעָדֶנָּה--כְּמִשְׁפַּט הַבָּנוֹת יַעֲשֶׂה-לָּהּ
.
And if he betroths her to his son, he shall deal with her according to the custom due to daughters.
- Shemot 21:10
אִם-אַחֶרֶת יִקַּח-לוֹ--שְׁאֵרָהּ כְּסוּתָהּ וְעֹנָתָהּ לֹא יִגְרָע
. . .
And if he marries another, her food, her clothing, and her appointed times he shall not diminish.
- Shemot 21:11
וְאִם-שְׁלָשׁ-אֵלֶּה--לֹא יַעֲשֶׂה לָהּ וְיָצְאָה חִנָּם אֵין כָּסֶף
.
And if he does not do for her one of these three things, then she shall go out without payment, without price.
- Shemot 21:12
מַכֵּה אִישׁ וָמֵת מוֹת יוּמָת
And whoever strikes a person and kills him shall be put to death.
- Shemot 21:13
וַאֲשֶׁר לֹא צָדָה וְהָאֱלֹהִים אִנָּה לְיָדוֹ--וְשַׂמְתִּי לְךָ מָקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יָנוּס שָׁמָּה
. . .
But if he did not intend it — rather God brought it about in His decree — I shall designate for you a place to which he may flee.
- Shemot 21:14
וְכִי-יָזִד אִישׁ עַל-רֵעֵהוּ לְהָרְגוֹ בְעָרְמָה--מֵעִם מִזְבְּחִי תִּקָּחֶנּוּ לָמוּת
. .
And if a man acts presumptuously against his fellow and kills him by stealth — even from beside My altar take him and put him to death.
- Shemot 21:15
וּמַכֵּה אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ מוֹת יוּמָת
And whoever strikes his father or his mother shall be put to death.
- Shemot 21:16
וְגֹנֵב אִישׁ וּמְכָרוֹ וְנִמְצָא בְיָדוֹ מוֹת יוּמָת
.
And whoever kidnaps a person from the sons of Israel and sells him, or is found with him in his possession, shall be put to death.
- Shemot 21:17
וּמְקַלֵּל אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ מוֹת יוּמָת
And whoever curses his father or his mother shall be put to death.
- Shemot 21:18
וְכִי-יְרִיבֻן אֲנָשִׁים--וְהִכָּה-אִישׁ אֶת-רֵעֵהוּ בְּאֶבֶן אוֹ בְאֶגְרֹף וְלֹא יָמוּת וְנָפַל לְמִשְׁכָּב
. . .
And when people quarrel, and one of them strikes his fellow with a stone or with a wounding object, and he does not die but takes to his bed,
- Shemot 21:19
אִם-יָקוּם וְהִתְהַלֵּךְ בַּחוּץ עַל-מִשְׁעַנְתּוֹ--וְנִקָּה הַמַּכֶּה רַק שִׁבְתּוֹ יִתֵּן וְרַפֹּא יְרַפֵּא
. . .
if he rises and walks about in the market on his own supports, then the one who struck him is acquitted — except for his loss of work, which he shall give him, and for medical treatment he shall treat him.
- Shemot 21:20
וְכִי-יַכֶּה אִישׁ אֶת-עַבְדּוֹ אוֹ אֶת-אֲמָתוֹ בַּשֵּׁבֶט וּמֵת תַּחַת יָדוֹ--נָקֹם יִנָּקֵם
. . .
And if a person strikes his slave or his maidservant with a rod, and he dies under his hand, he shall be penalized for him.
- Shemot 21:21
אַךְ אִם-יוֹם אוֹ יוֹמַיִם יַעֲמֹד--לֹא יֻקַּם כִּי כַסְפּוֹ הוּא
.
But if he survives a day or two days, he shall not be penalized for him, for he is his property.
- Shemot 21:22
וְכִי-יִנָּצוּ אֲנָשִׁים וְנָגְפוּ אִשָּׁה הָרָה וְיָצְאוּ יְלָדֶיהָ וְלֹא יִהְיֶה אָסוֹן--עָנוֹשׁ יֵעָנֵשׁ כַּאֲשֶׁר יָשִׁית עָלָיו בַּעַל הָאִשָּׁה וְנָתַן בִּפְלִלִים
. . . .
And if people struggle and they strike a pregnant woman and her child comes out, and there is no fatality, the one who struck her shall be fined as her husband requires of him, and he shall give it by fair assessment.
- Shemot 21:23
וְאִם-אָסוֹן יִהְיֶה--וְנָתַתָּה נֶפֶשׁ תַּחַת נָפֶשׁ
.
But if there is a fatality, then impose a life in place of a life,
- Shemot 21:24
עַיִן תַּחַת עַיִן שֵׁן תַּחַת שֵׁן יָד תַּחַת יָד רֶגֶל תַּחַת רָגֶל
. . .
and the blood-price of an eye in place of an eye, and a tooth in place of a tooth, and a hand in place of a hand, and a foot in place of a foot,
- Shemot 21:25
כְּוִיָּה תַּחַת כְּוִיָּה פֶּצַע תַּחַת פָּצַע חַבּוּרָה תַּחַת חַבּוּרָה
. .
and a burn in place of a burn, and a gash in place of a gash, and a wound in place of a wound.
- Shemot 21:26
וְכִי-יַכֶּה אִישׁ אֶת-עֵין עַבְדּוֹ אוֹ-אֶת-עֵין אֲמָתוֹ--וְשִׁחֲתָהּ לַחָפְשִׁי יְשַׁלְּחֶנּוּ תַּחַת עֵינוֹ
. .
And if a person strikes the eye of his slave or the eye of his maidservant and destroys it, he shall set him free as a free person in place of his eye.
- Shemot 21:27
וְאִם-שֵׁן עַבְדּוֹ אוֹ-שֵׁן אֲמָתוֹ יַפִּיל--לַחָפְשִׁי יְשַׁלְּחֶנּוּ תַּחַת שִׁנּוֹ
. .
And if he knocks out the tooth of his slave or the tooth of his maidservant, he shall set him free as a free person in place of his tooth.
- Shemot 21:28
וְכִי-יִגַּח שׁוֹר אֶת-אִישׁ אוֹ אֶת-אִשָּׁה וָמֵת--סָקוֹל יִסָּקֵל הַשּׁוֹר וְלֹא יֵאָכֵל אֶת-בְּשָׂרוֹ וּבַעַל הַשּׁוֹר נָקִי
. . .
And if an ox gores a man or a woman and kills him, the ox shall be stoned, and its flesh shall not be eaten; but the owner of the ox is clear.
- Shemot 21:29
וְאִם שׁוֹר נַגָּח הוּא מִתְּמֹל שִׁלְשֹׁם וְהוּעַד בִּבְעָלָיו וְלֹא יִשְׁמְרֶנּוּ וְהֵמִית אִישׁ אוֹ אִשָּׁה--הַשּׁוֹר יִסָּקֵל וְגַם-בְּעָלָיו יוּמָת
. . . .
But if the ox was a habitual gorer from yesterday and the day before, and its owner was warned but did not guard it, and it kills a man or a woman — the ox shall be stoned and its owner shall also be put to death.
- Shemot 21:30
אִם-כֹּפֶר יוּשַׁת עָלָיו--וְנָתַן פִּדְיֹן נַפְשׁוֹ כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר-יוּשַׁת עָלָיו
. .
If a blood-price is imposed upon him, he shall give the redemption of his life — all that is imposed upon him.
- Shemot 21:31
אוֹ-בֵן יִגָּח אוֹ-בַת יִגָּח--כַּמִּשְׁפָּט הַזֶּה יֵעָשֶׂה לּוֹ
.
And if it gores a son or a daughter, the same ordinance shall be done to it.
- Shemot 21:32
אִם-עֶבֶד יִגַּח הַשּׁוֹר אוֹ אָמָה--כֶּסֶף שְׁלֹשִׁים שְׁקָלִים יִתֵּן לַאדֹנָיו וְהַשּׁוֹר יִסָּקֵל
. .
If the ox gores a slave or a maidservant, he shall give their master thirty shekels of silver, and the ox shall be stoned.
- Shemot 21:33
וְכִי-יִפְתַּח אִישׁ בּוֹר אוֹ כִּי-יִכְרֶה אִישׁ בֹּר--וְלֹא יְכַסֶּנּוּ וְנָפַל-שָׁמָּה שּׁוֹר אוֹ חֲמוֹר
. .
And if a person uncovers a pit, or digs a pit and does not cover it, and an ox or a donkey falls into it,
- Shemot 21:34
בַּעַל הַבּוֹר יְשַׁלֵּם כֶּסֶף יָשִׁיב לִבְעָלָיו וְהַמֵּת יִהְיֶה-לּוֹ
. .
the owner of the pit shall pay its price and restore it to its owner, and the dead animal shall be his.
- Shemot 21:35
וְכִי-יִגֹּף שׁוֹר-אִישׁ אֶת-שׁוֹר רֵעֵהוּ וָמֵת--וּמָכְרוּ אֶת-הַשּׁוֹר הַחַי וְחָצוּ אֶת-כַּסְפּוֹ וְגַם אֶת-הַמֵּת יֶחֱצוּן
. . .
And if one man's ox strikes his fellow's ox and it dies, they shall sell the living ox and divide its price, and the dead one they shall also divide.
- Shemot 21:36
אוֹ נוֹדַע כִּי שׁוֹר נַגָּח הוּא מִתְּמוֹל שִׁלְשֹׁם וְלֹא יִשְׁמְרֶנּוּ בְּעָלָיו--שַׁלֵּם יְשַׁלֵּם שׁוֹר תַּחַת הַשּׁוֹר וְהַמֵּת יִהְיֶה-לּוֹ
. . . .
But if it was known that it was a habitual gorer from yesterday and the day before, and its owner did not guard it, he shall deliver an ox in place of his ox, and the dead one shall be his.
- Shemot 21:37
כִּי יִגְנֹב-אִישׁ שׁוֹר אוֹ-שֶׂה וּטְבָחוֹ אוֹ מְכָרוֹ--חֲמִשָּׁה בָקָר יְשַׁלֵּם תַּחַת הַשּׁוֹר וְאַרְבַּע-צֹאן תַּחַת הַשֶּׂה
. . .
And if a person steals an ox or a sheep and slaughters it or sells it, he shall deliver five in place of the ox, and four in place of the sheep.
English is a working draft — author revising