Saadia · Shemot 12
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- Shemot 12:1
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶל-מֹשֶׁה וְאֶל-אַהֲרֹן בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם לֵאמֹר
.
And God said to Moses and Aaron, in the land of Egypt, saying:
- Shemot 12:2
הַחֹדֶשׁ הַזֶּה לָכֶם רֹאשׁ חֳדָשִׁים רִאשׁוֹן הוּא לָכֶם לְחָדְשֵׁי הַשָּׁנָה
. .
"This month shall be for you the first of months — it shall be for you the first of the months of the year.
- Shemot 12:3
דַּבְּרוּ אֶל-כָּל-עֲדַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵאמֹר בֶּעָשֹׂר לַחֹדֶשׁ הַזֶּה וְיִקְחוּ לָהֶם אִישׁ שֶׂה לְבֵית-אָבֹת--שֶׂה לַבָּיִת
. .
Speak to the assembly of the sons of Israel, saying: on the tenth of it, let every company take for itself a head — a head of the households of their fathers, one head for each household.
- Shemot 12:4
וְאִם-יִמְעַט הַבַּיִת מִהְיוֹת מִשֶּׂה--וְלָקַח הוּא וּשְׁכֵנוֹ הַקָּרֹב אֶל-בֵּיתוֹ בְּמִכְסַת נְפָשֹׁת אִישׁ לְפִי אָכְלוֹ תָּכֹסּוּ עַל-הַשֶּׂה
. . .
But if the people of the household are too few for the need of a head, then let him and his neighbor who is nearest to his dwelling take one together, in equal shares among the souls — each man according to the measure of his food shall you reckon it.
- Shemot 12:5
שֶׂה תָמִים זָכָר בֶּן-שָׁנָה יִהְיֶה לָכֶם מִן-הַכְּבָשִׂים וּמִן-הָעִזִּים תִּקָּחוּ
. .
And let there be for you a head — one that is sound, a male of its year; from the sheep and the goats you shall take it.
- Shemot 12:6
וְהָיָה לָכֶם לְמִשְׁמֶרֶת עַד אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר יוֹם לַחֹדֶשׁ הַזֶּה וְשָׁחֲטוּ אֹתוֹ כֹּל קְהַל עֲדַת-יִשְׂרָאֵל--בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם
]] . .
It shall be kept by you until the fourteenth day of this month; and the whole company of the assembly of the sons of Israel shall slaughter it between the two twilights.
- Shemot 12:7
וְלָקְחוּ מִן-הַדָּם וְנָתְנוּ עַל-שְׁתֵּי הַמְּזוּזֹת וְעַל-הַמַּשְׁקוֹף--עַל הַבָּתִּים אֲשֶׁר-יֹאכְלוּ אֹתוֹ בָּהֶם
. . .
And they shall take of its blood and place it upon the two cheeks of the door and upon the lintel, upon the houses in which they shall eat it.
- Shemot 12:8
וְאָכְלוּ אֶת-הַבָּשָׂר בַּלַּיְלָה הַזֶּה צְלִי-אֵשׁ וּמַצּוֹת עַל-מְרֹרִים יֹאכְלֻהוּ
. .
And they shall eat its flesh that night — roasted over fire — and unleavened bread; with bitter herbs they shall eat it.
- Shemot 12:9
אַל-תֹּאכְלוּ מִמֶּנּוּ נָא וּבָשֵׁל מְבֻשָּׁל בַּמָּיִם כִּי אִם-צְלִי-אֵשׁ רֹאשׁוֹ עַל-כְּרָעָיו וְעַל-קִרְבּוֹ
. . .
Do not eat of it raw, nor cooked by boiling in water, but only roasted over fire — its head and its legs and its inner parts.
- Shemot 12:10
וְלֹא-תוֹתִירוּ מִמֶּנּוּ עַד-בֹּקֶר וְהַנֹּתָר מִמֶּנּוּ עַד-בֹּקֶר בָּאֵשׁ תִּשְׂרֹפוּ
. .
And you shall leave nothing of it until the morning; and if anything remains of it until the morning, then burn it with fire.
- Shemot 12:11
וְכָכָה תֹּאכְלוּ אֹתוֹ--מָתְנֵיכֶם חֲגֻרִים נַעֲלֵיכֶם בְּרַגְלֵיכֶם וּמַקֶּלְכֶם בְּיֶדְכֶם וַאֲכַלְתֶּם אֹתוֹ בְּחִפָּזוֹן פֶּסַח הוּא לַיהוָה
. . . .
And in this manner shall you eat it: your loins girded firmly, your sandals on your feet, and your staffs in your hands; and eat it in haste — it is the Passover unto God.
- Shemot 12:12
וְעָבַרְתִּי בְאֶרֶץ-מִצְרַיִם בַּלַּיְלָה הַזֶּה וְהִכֵּיתִי כָל-בְּכוֹר בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם מֵאָדָם וְעַד-בְּהֵמָה וּבְכָל-אֱלֹהֵי מִצְרַיִם אֶעֱשֶׂה שְׁפָטִים אֲנִי יְהוָה
. . . .
For I shall appear in the land of Egypt that night, and I shall slay every firstborn within it, from human to beast; and upon all the objects of worship of the Egyptians I shall execute judgments — I am God, the One.
- Shemot 12:13
וְהָיָה הַדָּם לָכֶם לְאֹת עַל הַבָּתִּים אֲשֶׁר אַתֶּם שָׁם וְרָאִיתִי אֶת-הַדָּם וּפָסַחְתִּי עֲלֵכֶם וְלֹא-יִהְיֶה בָכֶם נֶגֶף לְמַשְׁחִית בְּהַכֹּתִי בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם
. . . .
And the blood shall be for you a sign upon the houses in which you are — I shall look upon it and have compassion for you, and no lethal pestilence shall befall you, when I strike the people of the land of Egypt.
- Shemot 12:14
וְהָיָה הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה לָכֶם לְזִכָּרוֹן וְחַגֹּתֶם אֹתוֹ חַג לַיהוָה לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם חֻקַּת עוֹלָם תְּחָגֻּהוּ
. . .
And this day shall be for you a memorial — you shall celebrate it as a festival unto God, for your generations; it is an ordinance forever that you shall celebrate it.
- Shemot 12:15
שִׁבְעַת יָמִים מַצּוֹת תֹּאכֵלוּ--אַךְ בַּיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן תַּשְׁבִּיתוּ שְּׂאֹר מִבָּתֵּיכֶם כִּי כָּל-אֹכֵל חָמֵץ וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ הַהִוא מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל--מִיּוֹם הָרִאשֹׁן עַד-יוֹם הַשְּׁבִעִי
. . . . .
Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread; but on the first day you shall remove the leavening agent from your houses — for whoever eats leavened bread, that person shall be cut off from among the house of Israel, from the first day until the seventh day.
- Shemot 12:16
וּבַיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן מִקְרָא-קֹדֶשׁ וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי מִקְרָא-קֹדֶשׁ יִהְיֶה לָכֶם כָּל-מְלָאכָה לֹא-יֵעָשֶׂה בָהֶם--אַךְ אֲשֶׁר יֵאָכֵל לְכָל-נֶפֶשׁ הוּא לְבַדּוֹ יֵעָשֶׂה לָכֶם
. . . . .
And the first day shall be a consecrated name, and the seventh day shall be a consecrated name for you; no labor whatsoever shall be done on either of them — except only what is to be eaten for every soul, that alone may be done for you.
- Shemot 12:17
וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם אֶת-הַמַּצּוֹת כִּי בְּעֶצֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה הוֹצֵאתִי אֶת-צִבְאוֹתֵיכֶם מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם אֶת-הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם--חֻקַּת עוֹלָם
. . . .
And keep the unleavened bread — for on the very substance of this day I brought out your hosts from the land of Egypt; so keep this day for your generations as an ordinance forever.
- Shemot 12:18
בָּרִאשֹׁן בְּאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר יוֹם לַחֹדֶשׁ בָּעֶרֶב תֹּאכְלוּ מַצֹּת עַד יוֹם הָאֶחָד וְעֶשְׂרִים לַחֹדֶשׁ--בָּעָרֶב
. . .
In the first month, on the fourteenth day of it at eventide, eat unleavened bread, until the twenty-first day of it at eventide.
- Shemot 12:19
שִׁבְעַת יָמִים--שְׂאֹר לֹא יִמָּצֵא בְּבָתֵּיכֶם כִּי כָּל-אֹכֵל מַחְמֶצֶת וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ הַהִוא מֵעֲדַת יִשְׂרָאֵל--בַּגֵּר וּבְאֶזְרַח הָאָרֶץ
. . . .
Seven days — no leaven shall be found in your houses; for whoever eats anything leavened, that person shall be cut off from the assembly of the house of Israel, whether he be a stranger or a native of the land.
- Shemot 12:20
כָּל-מַחְמֶצֶת לֹא תֹאכֵלוּ בְּכֹל מוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶם תֹּאכְלוּ מַצּוֹת
. .
Anything leavened you shall not eat; in all your dwellings eat unleavened bread.
- Shemot 12:21
וַיִּקְרָא מֹשֶׁה לְכָל-זִקְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵהֶם מִשְׁכוּ וּקְחוּ לָכֶם צֹאן לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתֵיכֶם--וְשַׁחֲטוּ הַפָּסַח
. . . .
And Moses called for all the elders of the sons of Israel and said to them: 'Go forth and take for yourselves a flock for your clans, and slaughter the Passover.
- Shemot 12:22
וּלְקַחְתֶּם אֲגֻדַּת אֵזוֹב וּטְבַלְתֶּם בַּדָּם אֲשֶׁר-בַּסַּף וְהִגַּעְתֶּם אֶל-הַמַּשְׁקוֹף וְאֶל-שְׁתֵּי הַמְּזוּזֹת מִן-הַדָּם אֲשֶׁר בַּסָּף וְאַתֶּם לֹא תֵצְאוּ אִישׁ מִפֶּתַח-בֵּיתוֹ--עַד-בֹּקֶר
. . . . .
And take a bundle of hyssop and dip it in the blood which is in the basin, and apply it to the lintel and to the two cheeks of the door from that blood; and let no person among you go out from the door of his dwelling until the morning.
- Shemot 12:23
וְעָבַר יְהוָה לִנְגֹּף אֶת-מִצְרַיִם וְרָאָה אֶת-הַדָּם עַל-הַמַּשְׁקוֹף וְעַל שְׁתֵּי הַמְּזוּזֹת וּפָסַח יְהוָה עַל-הַפֶּתַח וְלֹא יִתֵּן הַמַּשְׁחִית לָבֹא אֶל-בָּתֵּיכֶם לִנְגֹּף
. . . .
For God shall appear to strike the Egyptians, and shall see the blood upon the lintel and the two cheeks of the door, and shall have compassion for whoever is within; and He shall not permit the destroyer to enter into your houses to bring ruin.
- Shemot 12:24
וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם אֶת-הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה לְחָק-לְךָ וּלְבָנֶיךָ עַד-עוֹלָם
.
And keep this matter as an ordinance for you and for your generations forever.
- Shemot 12:25
וְהָיָה כִּי-תָבֹאוּ אֶל-הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר יִתֵּן יְהוָה לָכֶם--כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֵּר וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם אֶת-הָעֲבֹדָה הַזֹּאת
. .
And when you enter the land which God shall give you as He has promised, then keep this rite.
- Shemot 12:26
וְהָיָה כִּי-יֹאמְרוּ אֲלֵיכֶם בְּנֵיכֶם מָה הָעֲבֹדָה הַזֹּאת לָכֶם
.
And it shall be, when your children say to you: "What is this rite for you?" —
- Shemot 12:27
וַאֲמַרְתֶּם זֶבַח-פֶּסַח הוּא לַיהוָה אֲשֶׁר פָּסַח עַל-בָּתֵּי בְנֵי-יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּמִצְרַיִם בְּנָגְפּוֹ אֶת-מִצְרַיִם וְאֶת-בָּתֵּינוּ הִצִּיל וַיִּקֹּד הָעָם וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲווּ
. . .
say: "It is a slaughter of compassion unto God, for He showed compassion for the houses of the sons of Israel in Egypt, when He struck the Egyptians and delivered our houses." And the people bowed down and prostrated themselves.
- Shemot 12:28
וַיֵּלְכוּ וַיַּעֲשׂוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה אֶת-מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן כֵּן עָשׂוּ
.
And the sons of Israel went and did as God had commanded Moses and Aaron — so they did.
- Shemot 12:29
וַיְהִי בַּחֲצִי הַלַּיְלָה וַיהוָה הִכָּה כָל-בְּכוֹר בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם מִבְּכֹר פַּרְעֹה הַיֹּשֵׁב עַל-כִּסְאוֹ עַד בְּכוֹר הַשְּׁבִי אֲשֶׁר בְּבֵית הַבּוֹר וְכֹל בְּכוֹר בְּהֵמָה
. . . .
And when it was at the middle of the night, God slew every firstborn in the land of Egypt — from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat upon his throne, to the firstborn of the captive who was in the prison — and all the firstborn of the beasts.
- Shemot 12:30
וַיָּקָם פַּרְעֹה לַיְלָה הוּא וְכָל-עֲבָדָיו וְכָל-מִצְרַיִם וַתְּהִי צְעָקָה גְדֹלָה בְּמִצְרָיִם כִּי-אֵין בַּיִת אֲשֶׁר אֵין-שָׁם מֵת
. . . .
And Pharaoh arose in the night — he and all his servants and the rest of the Egyptians — and there was a great cry in Egypt, since there was no house in which there was not a dead one.
- Shemot 12:31
וַיִּקְרָא לְמֹשֶׁה וּלְאַהֲרֹן לַיְלָה וַיֹּאמֶר קוּמוּ צְּאוּ מִתּוֹךְ עַמִּי--גַּם-אַתֶּם גַּם-בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וּלְכוּ עִבְדוּ אֶת-יְהוָה כְּדַבֶּרְכֶם
. . . .
And he called for Moses and Aaron in the night, and said: 'Arise, go out from among my people — you two and the sons of Israel — and go forth; serve God as you have said.'
- Shemot 12:32
גַּם-צֹאנְכֶם גַּם-בְּקַרְכֶם קְחוּ כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתֶּם וָלֵכוּ וּבֵרַכְתֶּם גַּם-אֹתִי
.
'Also your flocks and your herds — take them, as you have said; and go; and release me from obligation.'
- Shemot 12:33
וַתֶּחֱזַק מִצְרַיִם עַל-הָעָם לְמַהֵר לְשַׁלְּחָם מִן-הָאָרֶץ כִּי אָמְרוּ כֻּלָּנוּ מֵתִים
. .
And the Egyptians pressed upon the people to hasten to send them out from the land, for they said: 'We are all dying.'
- Shemot 12:34
וַיִּשָּׂא הָעָם אֶת-בְּצֵקוֹ טֶרֶם יֶחְמָץ מִשְׁאֲרֹתָם צְרֻרֹת בְּשִׂמְלֹתָם עַל-שִׁכְמָם
. . .
And the people carried their dough before it had leavened; and their kneading-bowls were bound up in their garments upon their necks.
- Shemot 12:35
וּבְנֵי-יִשְׂרָאֵל עָשׂוּ כִּדְבַר מֹשֶׁה וַיִּשְׁאֲלוּ מִמִּצְרַיִם כְּלֵי-כֶסֶף וּכְלֵי זָהָב וּשְׂמָלֹת
. . .
And the sons of Israel did at that time as Moses had commanded them, and asked as gifts from the Egyptians vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and garments.
- Shemot 12:36
וַיהוָה נָתַן אֶת-חֵן הָעָם בְּעֵינֵי מִצְרַיִם--וַיַּשְׁאִלוּם וַיְנַצְּלוּ אֶת-מִצְרָיִם
.
And God gave the people favor before the Egyptians, and they gave these as gifts to them; and so the Egyptians were stripped.
- Shemot 12:37
וַיִּסְעוּ בְנֵי-יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵרַעְמְסֵס סֻכֹּתָה כְּשֵׁשׁ-מֵאוֹת אֶלֶף רַגְלִי הַגְּבָרִים לְבַד מִטָּף
. .
Then the sons of Israel journeyed from Ein Shams (Raamses) to Succoth — numbering about six hundred thousand on foot, adult men, besides the little ones.
- Shemot 12:38
וְגַם-עֵרֶב רַב עָלָה אִתָּם וְצֹאן וּבָקָר מִקְנֶה כָּבֵד מְאֹד
.
And also a great mixed multitude went up with them, and flocks and cattle — a very great quantity of livestock.
- Shemot 12:39
וַיֹּאפוּ אֶת-הַבָּצֵק אֲשֶׁר הוֹצִיאוּ מִמִּצְרַיִם עֻגֹת מַצּוֹת--כִּי לֹא חָמֵץ כִּי-גֹרְשׁוּ מִמִּצְרַיִם וְלֹא יָכְלוּ לְהִתְמַהְמֵהַּ וְגַם-צֵדָה לֹא-עָשׂוּ לָהֶם
. . . . .
And they baked the dough which they had brought out from Egypt as flat unleavened cakes, for it had not leavened — since they had been driven out from Egypt and had not been able to linger, and even provisions they had not prepared for themselves.
- Shemot 12:40
וּמוֹשַׁב בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר יָשְׁבוּ בְּמִצְרָיִם--שְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה וְאַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה
. .
And the sojourn of the sons of Israel, which they sojourned in the labors of Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years.
- Shemot 12:41
וַיְהִי מִקֵּץ שְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה וְאַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה וַיְהִי בְּעֶצֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה יָצְאוּ כָּל-צִבְאוֹת יְהוָה מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם
. .
And when it was after four hundred and thirty years, on the very substance of that day, all the hosts of God went out from the land of Egypt.
- Shemot 12:42
לֵיל שִׁמֻּרִים הוּא לַיהוָה לְהוֹצִיאָם מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם הוּא-הַלַּיְלָה הַזֶּה לַיהוָה שִׁמֻּרִים לְכָל-בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְדֹרֹתָם
. . .
And just as there had been a night of watching unto God, to bring them out from the land of Egypt, so this night is kept for the sons of Israel throughout their generations.
- Shemot 12:43
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶל-מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן זֹאת חֻקַּת הַפָּסַח כָּל-בֶּן-נֵכָר לֹא-יֹאכַל בּוֹ
. .
Then God said to Moses and Aaron: 'This is the ordinance of the Passover — no foreigner shall eat of it.
- Shemot 12:44
וְכָל-עֶבֶד אִישׁ מִקְנַת-כָּסֶף--וּמַלְתָּה אֹתוֹ אָז יֹאכַל בּוֹ
. .
But every slave belonging to a man, purchased for a price — circumcise him, and then he may eat of it.
- Shemot 12:45
תּוֹשָׁב וְשָׂכִיר לֹא-יֹאכַל בּוֹ
The sojourner and the hired laborer shall not eat of it.
- Shemot 12:46
בְּבַיִת אֶחָד יֵאָכֵל לֹא-תוֹצִיא מִן-הַבַּיִת מִן-הַבָּשָׂר חוּצָה וְעֶצֶם לֹא תִשְׁבְּרוּ-בוֹ
. . .
In one dwelling shall it be eaten; you shall not carry out from the house any of the flesh to the outside; and a bone you shall not break of it.
- Shemot 12:47
כָּל-עֲדַת יִשְׂרָאֵל יַעֲשׂוּ אֹתוֹ
Thus shall the greater part of the assembly of the sons of Israel do it.
- Shemot 12:48
וְכִי-יָגוּר אִתְּךָ גֵּר וְעָשָׂה פֶסַח לַיהוָה--הִמּוֹל לוֹ כָל-זָכָר וְאָז יִקְרַב לַעֲשֹׂתוֹ וְהָיָה כְּאֶזְרַח הָאָרֶץ וְכָל-עָרֵל לֹא-יֹאכַל בּוֹ
. . . . .
And when a stranger sojourns among you and wishes to make a Passover unto God, let every male in his vicinity be circumcised — and then let him come forward to make it, for he shall become as a native of the land; but any uncircumcised person shall not eat of it.
- Shemot 12:49
תּוֹרָה אַחַת יִהְיֶה לָאֶזְרָח וְלַגֵּר הַגָּר בְּתוֹכְכֶם
. .
One law shall there be for the native and for the stranger who has entered among you.'
- Shemot 12:50
וַיַּעֲשׂוּ כָּל-בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה אֶת-מֹשֶׁה וְאֶת-אַהֲרֹן כֵּן עָשׂוּ
.
And the sons of Israel did as God had commanded Moses and Aaron — so they did.
- Shemot 12:51
וַיְהִי בְּעֶצֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה הוֹצִיא יְהוָה אֶת-בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם--עַל-צִבְאֹתָם
. .
And when it was on the very substance of that day, God brought out the sons of Israel from the land of Egypt by their hosts.
English is a working draft — author revising