Aligned sentence by sentence
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Part One · Chapter Forty-One — Nefesh: Soul, Person, Life-Force, and the Will of God
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Nefesh is an equivocal term. It is the name for the animal soul common to every sentient being: 'in which is a living nefesh' (Gen 1:30). And it is also the name for blood: 'you shall not eat the nefesh with the flesh' (Deut 12:23). And it is also the name for the rational soul — I mean the human form: 'as the Lord lives, who made for us this nefesh' (Jer 38:16). And it is the name for that which remains of the human being after death: 'and the nefesh of my lord shall be bound in the bundle of life' (1 Sam 25:29). And it is the name for will: 'to bind his princes at his nefesh' (Ps 105:22) — meaning: at his will. Similar to it: 'and do not deliver him to the nefesh of his enemies' (Ps 41:3) — meaning: do not surrender him to their will. Similar to it, in my view: 'if it is your nefesh to bury my dead' (Gen 23:8) — meaning: if this is your purpose and will. Similar to it: 'though Moses and Samuel stood before Me, My nefesh is not toward this people' (Jer 15:1) — meaning: I have no will toward them, that is: I do not desire their survival. And every mention of nefesh that comes attributed to God, exalted be He, is in the sense of will — as has already appeared to us in His saying, 'as it is in My heart and in My soul He shall do' (1 Sam 2:35) — meaning: according to My will and My purpose.
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According to this sense the interpretation of 'and His nefesh was impatient with the toil of Israel' (Judg 10:16) would be: and His will was restrained from making Israel suffer. This verse was not translated by Jonathan ben Uzziel at all, because he took it according to the first sense — and from that an affection resulted, and he refrained from translating it. But if one takes it from this final sense, the interpretation becomes very clear, for the preceding text says that His providential care, exalted be He, had withdrawn from them until they went and cried out and He did not save them; then when they exerted themselves in repentance and their humiliation was great and the enemy prevailed over them, He had mercy on them and His will was restrained from the continuation of their suffering and their humiliation. Know that this is rare. The preposition bet in 'with the toil of Israel' stands in place of min ('from'), as if it were 'from the toil of Israel' — and the linguists have often observed such substitutions: 'the remainder in flesh and in bread shall stay' (Is 44:16) — 'shall stay' being read with bet as 'from'; and this is frequent.