Stage 3 · Moses Maimonides (1138–1204)

Moreh Nevukhim: Part I, Chapter 14 — Adam (Man)

דלאלהֵ אלחאירין — The Guide of the Perplexed

A short note on the noun adam, which is used in three ways: as the proper name of the first man (derived from adamah, 'earth'); as the name of the human species ('My spirit shall not abide in man'); and as a name for the common people, as opposed to the elite ('both the sons of adam and the sons of ish'). Hover a phrase to see its English light up; tap any word for a gloss; dotted words are key terms.

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Part One · Chapter Fourteen — Adam

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The equivocity of adam. It is the name of Adam the first man, derived — as the text states that it is derived — from adamah ('earth').

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And it is the name of the species: 'My spirit shall not abide in man' (Gen 6:3); 'who knows the spirit of the sons of man' (Eccl 3:21); 'and the pre-eminence of man over beast is naught' (Eccl 3:19).

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And it is a name for the multitudeI mean for the common people as opposed to the elite: 'both the sons of adam and the sons of ish' (Ps 49:3).

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And of this third sense: 'and the sons of God saw the daughters of man' (Gen 6:2); 'surely you shall die like adam' (Ps 82:7).

English is a working draft — alignment is sentence-by-sentence.

Scripture cited in this chapter