Stage 3 · Moses Maimonides (1138–1204)

Moreh Nevukhim: Part I, Chapter 9 — Kisse (Throne)

דלאלהֵ אלחאירין — The Guide of the Perplexed

Kisse first means 'chair' — and because only the great are seated on a chair, it came to signify greatness itself. So the Sanctuary and heaven are each called God's 'throne' insofar as they indicate the greatness of the One manifested in them. Where Scripture speaks of God's throne it means His majesty, never a body He sits upon; to imagine Him existent-without-throne and existent-with-throne, Maimonides warns, is outright unbelief. Hover a phrase to see its English light up; tap any word for a gloss; dotted words are key terms.

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Part One · Chapter Nine — Kisse

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Kisse. Its original imposition in the language is that it is the name of the chair (kursī).

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And since the chair is that on which only people of majesty and greatness, such as kings, are seated, and the chair became some existing thing that indicates the greatness of one worthy of it, his majesty and the grandeur of his estate, the Sanctuary was called 'throne' for its indicating the greatness of the One who was manifested in it and let His light and dignity alight upon it; so it said, 'a throne of glory, on high from the beginning' (Jer 17:12), and so forth.

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And for this meaning heaven was called 'throne,' for its indicating, to one who knows and considers it, the greatness of the One who brought it into being, who moves it and governs the lower world by the overflow of its bounty; so it said, 'thus says the Lord: the heaven is My throne' (Isa 66:1), and so forth.

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He says: it indicates My existence, My greatness, and My power, as the throne indicates the greatness of him worthy of it.

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This is what the verifiers ought to believenot that there is some body upon which the Deity is raised up, exalted be He greatly; for it will be demonstrated to you that He, may He be exalted, is no body. How then could He have a place or a resting-spot upon a body?

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Rather the matter is as we alerted you: every place that God honored and singled out with His light and splendorsuch as the Sanctuary or heavenwas called 'throne.'

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As for that in which the language broadened — in its saying, 'for a hand is upon the throne of the Lord (kes Yah)' (Exod 17:16) — it is a description of His greatness and majesty, which you ought not to imagine as something outside His essence, nor a creature among His creatures,

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such that He, may He be exalted, would be an existent without a throne and an existent with a thronethis is unbelief beyond doubt.

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And it stated plainly, saying, 'Thou, O Lord, art enthroned forever; Thy throne is from generation to generation' (Lam 5:19) — indicating that it is a thing not separate from Him.

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Therefore by 'throne' here, and in everything like it, is meant His majesty and greatness, which are not something outside His essence, as will be explained in one of the chapters of this treatise.

English is a working draft — alignment is sentence-by-sentence.

Scripture cited in this chapter