Stage 3 · Moses Maimonides (1138–1204)

Moreh Nevukhim: Part I, Chapter 6 — Ish and Ishah (Man and Woman)

דלאלהֵ אלחאירין — The Guide of the Perplexed

A brief lexical note. Ish and ishah ('man' and 'woman') were first laid down for the human pair, then borrowed for the male and female of any animal, and further for any two things made to be coupled together — as the Tabernacle's curtains are joined 'one to another' (ishah el aḥotah). So too 'brother' and 'sister' are used by the same metaphorical extension. Hover a phrase to see its English light up; tap any word for a gloss; dotted words are key terms.

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Part One · Chapter Six — Ish and Ishah

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Ish and ishah are nouns laid down first for the man and the woman, then borrowed for every male and female of the other kinds of animal.

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It says, 'of every clean beast thou shalt take to thee seven and seven, the male and his mate' (Gen 7:2) — as if it had said, male and female.

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Then the noun ishah was borrowed for any thing prepared and made ready to be coupled with another thing. It says, 'the five curtains shall be joined together, one to another' (Exod 26:3).

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So it has become clear to you that aḥot ('sister') and aḥ ('brother') too are said equivocally, by way of borrowing, just like ish and ishah.

English is a working draft — alignment is sentence-by-sentence.

Scripture cited in this chapter